Title |
Hydraulic hydrogel actuators and robots optically and sonically camouflaged in water
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Communications, February 2017
|
DOI | 10.1038/ncomms14230 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Hyunwoo Yuk, Shaoting Lin, Chu Ma, Mahdi Takaffoli, Nicolas X. Fang, Xuanhe Zhao |
Abstract |
Sea animals such as leptocephali develop tissues and organs composed of active transparent hydrogels to achieve agile motions and natural camouflage in water. Hydrogel-based actuators that can imitate the capabilities of leptocephali will enable new applications in diverse fields. However, existing hydrogel actuators, mostly osmotic-driven, are intrinsically low-speed and/or low-force; and their camouflage capabilities have not been explored. Here we show that hydraulic actuations of hydrogels with designed structures and properties can give soft actuators and robots that are high-speed, high-force, and optically and sonically camouflaged in water. The hydrogel actuators and robots can maintain their robustness and functionality over multiple cycles of actuations, owing to the anti-fatigue property of the hydrogel under moderate stresses. We further demonstrate that the agile and transparent hydrogel actuators and robots perform extraordinary functions including swimming, kicking rubber-balls and even catching a live fish in water. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 5 | 16% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 10% |
Canada | 2 | 6% |
Hungary | 1 | 3% |
Turkey | 1 | 3% |
Germany | 1 | 3% |
Philippines | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 17 | 55% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 16 | 52% |
Scientists | 13 | 42% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 590 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 142 | 24% |
Student > Master | 87 | 15% |
Researcher | 55 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 45 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 36 | 6% |
Other | 66 | 11% |
Unknown | 160 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Engineering | 178 | 30% |
Materials Science | 85 | 14% |
Chemistry | 64 | 11% |
Chemical Engineering | 21 | 4% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 15 | 3% |
Other | 58 | 10% |
Unknown | 170 | 29% |