Title |
CNS–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in the Setting of HIV Infection, Part 2: Discussion of Neuro–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome with and without Other Pathogens
|
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Published in |
American Journal of Neuroradiology, July 2012
|
DOI | 10.3174/ajnr.a3184 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
M.J.D. Post, M.M. Thurnher, D.B. Clifford, A. Nath, R.G. Gonzalez, R.K. Gupta, K.K. Post |
Abstract |
While the previous review of CNS-IRIS in the HIV-infected patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy (Part 1) dealt with an overview of the biology, pathology, and neurologic presentation of this condition and a discussion of the atypical imaging findings in PML-IRIS and cryptococcal meningitis-IRIS due to the robust inflammatory response, the current review (Part 2) discusses the imaging findings in other commonly encountered organisms seen in association with CNS-IRIS, namely, VZV, CMV, HIV, Candida organisms, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii. Also described is the imaging appearance of CNS-IRIS when not associated with a particular organism. Recognition of these imaging findings will give credence to the diagnosis of CNS-IRIS and will allow the clinician to institute changes in medical management, if necessary, so that immune reconstitution and improved patient outcome can occur with time. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 121 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 22 | 17% |
Other | 14 | 11% |
Student > Master | 14 | 11% |
Student > Postgraduate | 13 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 8% |
Other | 39 | 31% |
Unknown | 14 | 11% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 76 | 60% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 6% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 3% |
Neuroscience | 4 | 3% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 2% |
Other | 10 | 8% |
Unknown | 21 | 17% |