Title |
Abrupt rise of new machine ecology beyond human response time
|
---|---|
Published in |
Scientific Reports, September 2013
|
DOI | 10.1038/srep02627 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Neil Johnson, Guannan Zhao, Eric Hunsader, Hong Qi, Nicholas Johnson, Jing Meng, Brian Tivnan |
Abstract |
Society's techno-social systems are becoming ever faster and more computer-orientated. However, far from simply generating faster versions of existing behaviour, we show that this speed-up can generate a new behavioural regime as humans lose the ability to intervene in real time. Analyzing millisecond-scale data for the world's largest and most powerful techno-social system, the global financial market, we uncover an abrupt transition to a new all-machine phase characterized by large numbers of subsecond extreme events. The proliferation of these subsecond events shows an intriguing correlation with the onset of the system-wide financial collapse in 2008. Our findings are consistent with an emerging ecology of competitive machines featuring 'crowds' of predatory algorithms, and highlight the need for a new scientific theory of subsecond financial phenomena. |
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United States | 101 | 23% |
United Kingdom | 36 | 8% |
Spain | 16 | 4% |
Germany | 14 | 3% |
France | 10 | 2% |
Australia | 10 | 2% |
Canada | 7 | 2% |
Sweden | 7 | 2% |
India | 6 | 1% |
Other | 72 | 17% |
Unknown | 154 | 36% |
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Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 366 | 85% |
Scientists | 48 | 11% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 16 | 4% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Switzerland | 2 | 1% |
Canada | 2 | 1% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 1% |
Spain | 2 | 1% |
Lithuania | 1 | <1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
New Zealand | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Other | 2 | 1% |
Unknown | 122 | 87% |
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Researcher | 25 | 18% |
Student > Master | 17 | 12% |
Other | 13 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 7% |
Other | 24 | 17% |
Unknown | 17 | 12% |
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Physics and Astronomy | 16 | 11% |
Social Sciences | 15 | 11% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 12 | 9% |
Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 11 | 8% |
Other | 45 | 32% |
Unknown | 24 | 17% |