Title |
Natural versus anthropogenic subsidence of Venice
|
---|---|
Published in |
Scientific Reports, September 2013
|
DOI | 10.1038/srep02710 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Luigi Tosi, Pietro Teatini, Tazio Strozzi |
Abstract |
We detected land displacements of Venice by Persistent Scatterer Interferometry using ERS and ENVISAT C-band and TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed X-band acquisitions over the periods 1992-2010 and 2008-2011, respectively. By reason of the larger observation period, the C-band sensors was used to quantify the long-term movements, i.e. the subsidence component primarily ascribed to natural processes. The high resolution X-band satellites reveal a high effectiveness to monitor short-time movements as those induced by human activities. Interpolation of the two datasets and removal of the C-band from the X-band map allows discriminating between the natural and anthropogenic components of the subsidence. A certain variability characterizes the natural subsidence (0.9 ± 0.7 mm/yr), mainly because of the heterogeneous nature and age of the lagoon subsoil. The 2008 displacements show that man interventions are responsible for movements ranging from -10 to 2 mm/yr. These displacements are generally local and distributed along the margins of the city islands. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 7 | 21% |
Spain | 3 | 9% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 9% |
Netherlands | 2 | 6% |
Italy | 2 | 6% |
Israel | 1 | 3% |
United States | 1 | 3% |
France | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 13 | 39% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 25 | 76% |
Scientists | 8 | 24% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 116 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 30 | 25% |
Researcher | 18 | 15% |
Student > Master | 17 | 14% |
Other | 9 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 5% |
Other | 16 | 14% |
Unknown | 22 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 45 | 38% |
Environmental Science | 16 | 14% |
Engineering | 15 | 13% |
Physics and Astronomy | 4 | 3% |
Computer Science | 2 | 2% |
Other | 8 | 7% |
Unknown | 28 | 24% |