Title |
A conflict of interest: the evolutionary arms race between mammalian APOBEC3 and lentiviral Vif
|
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Published in |
Retrovirology, May 2017
|
DOI | 10.1186/s12977-017-0355-4 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yusuke Nakano, Hirofumi Aso, Andrew Soper, Eri Yamada, Miyu Moriwaki, Guillermo Juarez-Fernandez, Yoshio Koyanagi, Kei Sato |
Abstract |
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) proteins are mammalian-specific cellular deaminases and have a robust ability to restrain lentivirus replication. To antagonize APOBEC3-mediated antiviral action, lentiviruses have acquired viral infectivity factor (Vif) as an accessory gene. Mammalian APOBEC3 proteins inhibit lentiviral replication by enzymatically inserting G-to-A hypermutations in the viral genome, whereas lentiviral Vif proteins degrade host APOBEC3 via the ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent pathway. Recent investigations provide evidence that lentiviral vif genes evolved to combat mammalian APOBEC3 proteins. In corollary, mammalian APOBEC3 genes are under Darwinian selective pressure to escape from antagonism by Vif. Based on these observations, it is widely accepted that lentiviral Vif and mammalian APOBEC3 have co-evolved and this concept is called an "evolutionary arms race." This review provides a comprehensive summary of current knowledge with respect to the evolutionary dynamics occurring at this pivotal host-virus interface. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 25% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 2 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 25% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 25% |
Scientists | 1 | 25% |
Members of the public | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 51 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Bachelor | 10 | 20% |
Researcher | 9 | 18% |
Student > Master | 8 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 10% |
Other | 1 | 2% |
Other | 3 | 6% |
Unknown | 15 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 18% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 14% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 6 | 12% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 6 | 12% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 10% |
Other | 3 | 6% |
Unknown | 15 | 29% |