Title |
Evolutionary origins of sensation in metazoans: functional evidence for a new sensory organ in sponges
|
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Published in |
BMC Ecology and Evolution, January 2014
|
DOI | 10.1186/1471-2148-14-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Danielle A Ludeman, Nathan Farrar, Ana Riesgo, Jordi Paps, Sally P Leys |
Abstract |
One of the hallmarks of multicellular organisms is the ability of their cells to trigger responses to the environment in a coordinated manner. In recent years primary cilia have been shown to be present as 'antennae' on almost all animal cells, and are involved in cell-to-cell signaling in development and tissue homeostasis; how this sophisticated sensory system arose has been little-studied and its evolution is key to understanding how sensation arose in the Animal Kingdom. Sponges (Porifera), one of the earliest evolving phyla, lack conventional muscles and nerves and yet sense and respond to changes in their fluid environment. Here we demonstrate the presence of non-motile cilia in sponges and studied their role as flow sensors. |
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Switzerland | 2 | 5% |
Brazil | 2 | 5% |
Germany | 2 | 5% |
Australia | 1 | 3% |
Canada | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 19 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 25 | 66% |
Scientists | 10 | 26% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 5% |
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Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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United States | 3 | 2% |
Brazil | 2 | 1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Israel | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 180 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
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Researcher | 32 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 29 | 15% |
Student > Master | 20 | 10% |
Other | 13 | 7% |
Other | 27 | 14% |
Unknown | 23 | 12% |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 27 | 14% |
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Neuroscience | 7 | 4% |
Engineering | 7 | 4% |
Other | 8 | 4% |
Unknown | 29 | 15% |