Title |
Carbon Ion Radiotherapy: A Review of Clinical Experiences and Preclinical Research, with an Emphasis on DNA Damage/Repair
|
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Published in |
Cancers, June 2017
|
DOI | 10.3390/cancers9060066 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Osama Mohamad, Brock J Sishc, Janapriya Saha, Arnold Pompos, Asal Rahimi, Michael D Story, Anthony J Davis, D W Nathan Kim |
Abstract |
Compared to conventional photon-based external beam radiation (PhXRT), carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has superior dose distribution, higher linear energy transfer (LET), and a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE). This enhanced RBE is driven by a unique DNA damage signature characterized by clustered lesions that overwhelm the DNA repair capacity of malignant cells. These physical and radiobiological characteristics imbue heavy ions with potent tumoricidal capacity, while having the potential for simultaneously maximally sparing normal tissues. Thus, CIRT could potentially be used to treat some of the most difficult to treat tumors, including those that are hypoxic, radio-resistant, or deep-seated. Clinical data, mostly from Japan and Germany, are promising, with favorable oncologic outcomes and acceptable toxicity. In this manuscript, we review the physical and biological rationales for CIRT, with an emphasis on DNA damage and repair, as well as providing a comprehensive overview of the translational and clinical data using CIRT. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Greece | 2 | 67% |
Switzerland | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 33% |
Scientists | 1 | 33% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 172 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 19% |
Student > Master | 20 | 12% |
Researcher | 19 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 15 | 9% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 9 | 5% |
Other | 27 | 16% |
Unknown | 49 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Physics and Astronomy | 31 | 18% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 30 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 17 | 10% |
Engineering | 12 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | 6% |
Other | 12 | 7% |
Unknown | 59 | 34% |