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Volatile Disinfection Byproducts Resulting from Chlorination of Uric Acid: Implications for Swimming Pools

Overview of attention for article published in Environmental Science & Technology, March 2014
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About this Attention Score

  • In the top 5% of all research outputs scored by Altmetric
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age (99th percentile)
  • High Attention Score compared to outputs of the same age and source (99th percentile)

Mentioned by

news
28 news outlets
blogs
14 blogs
twitter
635 X users
facebook
5 Facebook pages
googleplus
6 Google+ users
video
4 YouTube creators

Citations

dimensions_citation
43 Dimensions

Readers on

mendeley
51 Mendeley
Title
Volatile Disinfection Byproducts Resulting from Chlorination of Uric Acid: Implications for Swimming Pools
Published in
Environmental Science & Technology, March 2014
DOI 10.1021/es405402r
Pubmed ID
Authors

Lushi Lian, Yue E, Jing Li, Ernest R. Blatchley

Abstract

Cyanogen chloride (CNCl) and trichloramine (NCl3) are important disinfection byproducts in chlorinated swimming pools. However, some unknowns exist regarding the precursors of their formation. In this study, uric acid is shown to be an efficient precursor to formation of CNCl and NCl3. The molar yields of CNCl and NCl3 were observed to be as high as 44% (pH = 6.0, chlorine/precursor molar ratio [Cl/P] = 6.4) and 108% (pH = 7.0, Cl/P = 30), respectively, both being strong functions of Cl/P, pH, and temperature. Analysis of swimming pool water samples, combined with the results of experiments involving chlorination of uric acid, and chlorination of body fluid analog mixtures, indicated that uric acid chlorination may account for a large fraction of CNCl formation in swimming pools. Moreover, given that uric acid introduction to pools is attributable to urination, a voluntary action for most swimmers, these findings indicate important benefits to pool water and air chemistry that could result from improved hygiene habits on the part of swimmers.

X Demographics

X Demographics

The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 635 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 51 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United Kingdom 1 2%
Czechia 1 2%
South Africa 1 2%
Brazil 1 2%
Unknown 47 92%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 12 24%
Researcher 7 14%
Other 5 10%
Lecturer 5 10%
Student > Bachelor 4 8%
Other 11 22%
Unknown 7 14%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Environmental Science 10 20%
Medicine and Dentistry 7 14%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 7 14%
Engineering 4 8%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 3 6%
Other 9 18%
Unknown 11 22%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 529. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 June 2023.
All research outputs
#47,017
of 25,377,790 outputs
Outputs from Environmental Science & Technology
#94
of 20,675 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#291
of 235,360 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Environmental Science & Technology
#1
of 241 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,377,790 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 20,675 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 17.8. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 235,360 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 241 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.