Title |
Probable neuroimmunological link between Toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus infections and personality changes in the human host
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Published in |
BMC Infectious Diseases, July 2005
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-2334-5-54 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Martina Novotná, Jitka Hanusova, Jiří Klose, Marek Preiss, Jan Havlicek, Kateřina Roubalová, Jaroslav Flegr |
Abstract |
Recently, a negative association between Toxoplasma-infection and novelty seeking was reported. The authors suggested that changes of personality trait were caused by manipulation activity of the parasite, aimed at increasing the probability of transmission of the parasite from an intermediate to a definitive host. They also suggested that low novelty seeking indicated an increased level of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain of infected subjects, a phenomenon already observed in experimentally infected rodents. However, the changes in personality can also be just a byproduct of any neurotropic infection. Moreover, the association between a personality trait and the toxoplasmosis can even be caused by an independent correlation of both the probability of Toxoplasma-infection and the personality trait with the third factor, namely with the size of living place of a subject. To test these two alternative hypotheses, we studied the influence of another neurotropic pathogen, the cytomegalovirus, on the personality of infected subjects, and reanalyzed the original data after the effect of the potential confounder, the size of living place, was controlled. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 33% |
Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Turkey | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 104 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 18 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 17 | 16% |
Researcher | 15 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 11% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 7 | 6% |
Other | 21 | 19% |
Unknown | 19 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 23 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 22 | 20% |
Psychology | 14 | 13% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 7% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 4% |
Other | 11 | 10% |
Unknown | 27 | 25% |