Chapter title |
Distribution, biosynthesis and catabolism of methylxanthines in plants.
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 2 |
Book title |
Methylxanthines
|
Published in |
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, September 2010
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-642-13443-2_2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-64-213442-5, 978-3-64-213443-2
|
Authors |
Ashihara H, Kato M, Crozier A, Hiroshi Ashihara, Misako Kato, Alan Crozier, Ashihara, Hiroshi, Kato, Misako, Crozier, Alan |
Abstract |
Methylxanthines and methyluric acids are purine alkaloids that are synthesized in quantity in a limited number of plant species, including tea, coffee and cacao. This review summarizes the pathways, enzymes and related genes of caffeine biosynthesis. The main biosynthetic pathway is a sequence consisting of xanthosine → 7-methylxanthosine → 7-methylxanthine → theobromine → caffeine. Catabolism of caffeine starts with its conversion to theophylline. Typically, this reaction is very slow in caffeine-accumulating plants. Finally, the ecological roles of caffeine and the production of decaffeinated coffee plants are discussed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 1% |
India | 1 | 1% |
Sweden | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 72 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 13 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 12% |
Researcher | 7 | 9% |
Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 4% |
Other | 9 | 12% |
Unknown | 23 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 24% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 11% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 5 | 7% |
Chemistry | 5 | 7% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 7% |
Other | 10 | 13% |
Unknown | 24 | 32% |