Title |
Tumor necrosis factor-α and muscle wasting: a cellular perspective
|
---|---|
Published in |
Respiratory Research, July 2001
|
DOI | 10.1186/rr67 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Michael B Reid, Yi-Ping Li |
Abstract |
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a polypeptide cytokine that has been associated with muscle wasting and weakness in inflammatory disease. Despite its potential importance in muscle pathology, the direct effects of TNF-alpha on skeletal muscle have remained undefined until recently. Studies of cultured muscle cells indicate that TNF-alpha disrupts the differentiation process and can promote catabolism in mature cells. The latter response appears to be mediated by reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor-kappaB which upregulate ubiquitin/proteasome activity. This commentary outlines our current understanding of TNF-alpha effects on skeletal muscle and the mechanism of TNF-alpha action. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 3 | 1% |
United States | 3 | 1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Mexico | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Poland | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 232 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 41 | 17% |
Student > Master | 39 | 16% |
Researcher | 30 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 29 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 11 | 4% |
Other | 49 | 20% |
Unknown | 46 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 60 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 43 | 18% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 39 | 16% |
Sports and Recreations | 14 | 6% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 9 | 4% |
Other | 22 | 9% |
Unknown | 58 | 24% |