Title |
Shooting darts: co-evolution and counter-adaptation in hermaphroditic snails
|
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Published in |
BMC Ecology and Evolution, March 2005
|
DOI | 10.1186/1471-2148-5-25 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Joris M Koene, Hinrich Schulenburg |
Abstract |
Evolutionary conflicts of interest between the sexes often lead to co-evolutionary arms races consisting of repeated arisal of traits advantageous for one sex but harmful to the other sex, and counter-adaptations by the latter. In hermaphrodites, these antagonistic interactions are at least an equally important driving force. Here, we investigate the evolution of one of the most striking examples of sexual conflict in hermaphrodites, the so-called shooting of love-darts in land snails. Stabbing this calcareous dart through the partner's skin ultimately increases paternity. This trait is obviously beneficial for the shooter, but it manipulates sperm storage in the receiver. Hence, an arms race between the love-dart and the spermatophore receiving organs may be expected. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 1 | 20% |
New Zealand | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 3 | 60% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 60% |
Scientists | 2 | 40% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Spain | 2 | 1% |
United States | 2 | 1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Cuba | 1 | <1% |
Austria | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Georgia | 1 | <1% |
Other | 3 | 2% |
Unknown | 121 | 90% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 38 | 28% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 12% |
Student > Master | 14 | 10% |
Professor | 6 | 4% |
Other | 22 | 16% |
Unknown | 20 | 15% |
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---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 84 | 62% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 10 | 7% |
Environmental Science | 8 | 6% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 3 | 2% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 1% |
Other | 4 | 3% |
Unknown | 24 | 18% |