Title |
NIH initiative to balance sex of animals in preclinical studies: generative questions to guide policy, implementation, and metrics
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Published in |
Biology of Sex Differences, October 2014
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DOI | 10.1186/s13293-014-0015-5 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Louise D McCullough, Geert J de Vries, Virginia M Miller, Jill B Becker, Kathryn Sandberg, Margaret M McCarthy |
Abstract |
In May of 2014, the NIH Director together with the Director of the Office of Research on Women's Health announced plans to take a multi-dimensional approach to address the over reliance on male cells and animals in preclinical research. The NIH is engaging the scientific community in the development of policies to improve the sex balance in research. The present, past, and future presidents of the Organization for the Study of Sex Differences, in order to encourage thoughtful discussion among scientists, pose a series of questions to generate ideas in three areas: 1. research strategies, 2. educational strategies, and 3. strategies to monitor effectiveness of policies to improve the sex balance in research. By promoting discussion within the scientific community, a consensus will evolve that will move science forward in a productive and effective manner. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 29% |
Denmark | 1 | 14% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 14% |
Unknown | 3 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 29% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 29% |
Scientists | 2 | 29% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 110 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 25 | 23% |
Researcher | 15 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 11 | 10% |
Student > Master | 9 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 7% |
Other | 23 | 21% |
Unknown | 20 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Neuroscience | 16 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 15 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 13% |
Psychology | 12 | 11% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 10% |
Other | 16 | 14% |
Unknown | 27 | 24% |