Title |
Processing speed enhances model-based over model-free reinforcement learning in the presence of high working memory functioning
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Published in |
Frontiers in Psychology, December 2014
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DOI | 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01450 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Daniel J. Schad, Elisabeth Jünger, Miriam Sebold, Maria Garbusow, Nadine Bernhardt, Amir-Homayoun Javadi, Ulrich S. Zimmermann, Michael N. Smolka, Andreas Heinz, Michael A. Rapp, Quentin J. M. Huys |
Abstract |
Theories of decision-making and its neural substrates have long assumed the existence of two distinct and competing valuation systems, variously described as goal-directed vs. habitual, or, more recently and based on statistical arguments, as model-free vs. model-based reinforcement-learning. Though both have been shown to control choices, the cognitive abilities associated with these systems are under ongoing investigation. Here we examine the link to cognitive abilities, and find that individual differences in processing speed covary with a shift from model-free to model-based choice control in the presence of above-average working memory function. This suggests shared cognitive and neural processes; provides a bridge between literatures on intelligence and valuation; and may guide the development of process models of different valuation components. Furthermore, it provides a rationale for individual differences in the tendency to deploy valuation systems, which may be important for understanding the manifold neuropsychiatric diseases associated with malfunctions of valuation. |
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Geographical breakdown
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United Kingdom | 3 | 38% |
United States | 2 | 25% |
Netherlands | 1 | 13% |
Switzerland | 1 | 13% |
Unknown | 1 | 13% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 4 | 50% |
Scientists | 3 | 38% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Germany | 2 | 2% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 126 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 27 | 21% |
Researcher | 20 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 17 | 13% |
Student > Master | 16 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 11 | 8% |
Other | 18 | 14% |
Unknown | 22 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 47 | 36% |
Neuroscience | 26 | 20% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 6% |
Computer Science | 5 | 4% |
Other | 3 | 2% |
Unknown | 31 | 24% |