Title |
Engineered modular biomaterial logic gates for environmentally triggered therapeutic delivery
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Chemistry, January 2018
|
DOI | 10.1038/nchem.2917 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Barry A. Badeau, Michael P. Comerford, Christopher K. Arakawa, Jared A. Shadish, Cole A. DeForest |
Abstract |
The successful transport of drug- and cell-based therapeutics to diseased sites represents a major barrier in the development of clinical therapies. Targeted delivery can be mediated through degradable biomaterial vehicles that utilize disease biomarkers to trigger payload release. Here, we report a modular chemical framework for imparting hydrogels with precise degradative responsiveness by using multiple environmental cues to trigger reactions that operate user-programmable Boolean logic. By specifying the molecular architecture and connectivity of orthogonal stimuli-labile moieties within material cross-linkers, we show selective control over gel dissolution and therapeutic delivery. To illustrate the versatility of this methodology, we synthesized 17 distinct stimuli-responsive materials that collectively yielded all possible YES/OR/AND logic outputs from input combinations involving enzyme, reductant and light. Using these hydrogels we demonstrate the first sequential and environmentally stimulated release of multiple cell lines in well-defined combinations from a material. We expect these platforms will find utility in several diverse fields including drug delivery, diagnostics and regenerative medicine. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Japan | 111 | 24% |
United States | 35 | 8% |
United Kingdom | 5 | 1% |
Canada | 4 | <1% |
India | 3 | <1% |
Germany | 3 | <1% |
Ireland | 2 | <1% |
Australia | 2 | <1% |
Netherlands | 2 | <1% |
Other | 17 | 4% |
Unknown | 276 | 60% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 405 | 88% |
Scientists | 48 | 10% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 6 | 1% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 393 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 115 | 29% |
Student > Bachelor | 52 | 13% |
Researcher | 38 | 10% |
Student > Master | 37 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 28 | 7% |
Other | 47 | 12% |
Unknown | 76 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Chemistry | 104 | 26% |
Engineering | 56 | 14% |
Materials Science | 37 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 24 | 6% |
Chemical Engineering | 24 | 6% |
Other | 57 | 15% |
Unknown | 91 | 23% |