Title |
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and its relationship to Alzheimer’s disease
|
---|---|
Published in |
Acta Neuropathologica, March 2008
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00401-008-0366-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Dietmar Rudolf Thal, W. Sue T. Griffin, Rob A. I. de Vos, Estifanos Ghebremedhin |
Abstract |
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the deposition of the amyloid beta-protein (A beta) within cerebral vessels. The involvement of different brain areas in CAA follows a hierarchical sequence similar to that of Alzheimer-related senile plaques. Alzheimer's disease patients frequently exhibit CAA. The expansion of CAA in AD often shows the pattern of full-blown CAA. The deposition of A beta within capillaries distinguishes two types of CAA. One with capillary A beta-deposition is characterized by a strong association with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 allele and by its frequent occurrence in Alzheimer's disease cases whereas the other one lacking capillary A beta-deposits is not associated with APOE epsilon 4. Capillary CAA can be seen in every stage of CAA or AD-related A beta-deposition. AD cases with capillary CAA show more widespread capillary A beta-deposition than non-demented cases as well as capillary occlusion. In a mouse model of CAA, capillary CAA was associated with capillary occlusion and cerebral blood flow disturbances. Thus, blood flow alterations with subsequent hypoperfusion induced by CAA-related capillary occlusion presumably point to a second mechanism in which A beta adversely affects the brain in AD in addition to its direct neurotoxic effects. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Spain | 3 | 1% |
South Africa | 2 | <1% |
Hong Kong | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 243 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 49 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 42 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 25 | 10% |
Student > Master | 23 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 18 | 7% |
Other | 50 | 19% |
Unknown | 50 | 19% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 65 | 25% |
Neuroscience | 46 | 18% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 36 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 17 | 7% |
Engineering | 7 | 3% |
Other | 25 | 10% |
Unknown | 61 | 24% |