Title |
ABCs of the degenerative spine
|
---|---|
Published in |
Insights into Imaging, March 2018
|
DOI | 10.1007/s13244-017-0584-z |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sergiy V. Kushchayev, Tetiana Glushko, Mohamed Jarraya, Karl H. Schuleri, Mark C. Preul, Michael L. Brooks, Oleg M. Teytelboym |
Abstract |
Degenerative changes in the spine have high medical and socioeconomic significance. Imaging of the degenerative spine is a frequent challenge in radiology. The pathogenesis of this degenerative process represents a biomechanically related continuum of alterations, which can be identified with different imaging modalities. The aim of this article is to review radiological findings involving the intervertebral discs, end plates, bone marrow changes, facet joints and the spinal canal in relation to the pathogenesis of degenerative changes in the spine. Findings are described in association with the clinical symptoms they may cause, with a brief review of the possible treatment options. The article provides an illustrated review on the topic for radiology residents. • The adjacent vertebrae, intervertebral disc, ligaments and facet joints constitute a spinal unit. • Degenerative change is a response to insults, such as mechanical or metabolic injury. • Spine degeneration is a biomechanically related continuum of alterations evolving over time. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 17 | 11% |
United Kingdom | 9 | 6% |
United States | 8 | 5% |
Brazil | 5 | 3% |
Australia | 5 | 3% |
Mexico | 4 | 3% |
Canada | 4 | 3% |
India | 3 | 2% |
Nigeria | 3 | 2% |
Other | 24 | 16% |
Unknown | 67 | 45% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 109 | 73% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 22 | 15% |
Scientists | 13 | 9% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 1% |
Unknown | 3 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 462 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Postgraduate | 47 | 10% |
Other | 44 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 43 | 9% |
Student > Master | 35 | 8% |
Researcher | 30 | 6% |
Other | 94 | 20% |
Unknown | 169 | 37% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 163 | 35% |
Engineering | 26 | 6% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 23 | 5% |
Neuroscience | 14 | 3% |
Unspecified | 13 | 3% |
Other | 38 | 8% |
Unknown | 185 | 40% |