| Chapter title |
Cardiac Phosphodiesterases and Their Modulation for Treating Heart Disease
|
|---|---|
| Chapter number | 82 |
| Book title |
Heart Failure
|
| Published in |
Handbook of experimental pharmacology, January 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/164_2016_82 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-959658-7, 978-3-31-959659-4
|
| Authors |
Kim, Grace E., Kass, David A., Grace E. Kim, David A. Kass |
| Abstract |
An important hallmark of cardiac failure is abnormal second messenger signaling due to impaired synthesis and catabolism of cyclic adenosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3',5'- monophosphate (cGMP). Their dysregulation, altered intracellular targeting, and blunted responsiveness to stimulating pathways all contribute to pathological remodeling, muscle dysfunction, reduced cell survival and metabolism, and other abnormalities. Therapeutic enhancement of either cyclic nucleotides can be achieved by stimulating their synthesis and/or by suppressing members of the family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). The heart expresses seven of the eleven major PDE subtypes - PDE1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, and 9. Their differential control over cAMP and cGMP signaling in various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, provides intriguing therapeutic opportunities to counter heart disease. This review examines the roles of these PDEs in the failing and hypertrophied heart and summarizes experimental and clinical data that have explored the utility of targeted PDE inhibition. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 69 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 10 | 14% |
| Researcher | 7 | 10% |
| Student > Master | 5 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 6% |
| Other | 6 | 9% |
| Unknown | 27 | 39% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 12 | 17% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 10 | 14% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 10 | 14% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 6% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 1% |
| Other | 4 | 6% |
| Unknown | 28 | 41% |