Chapter title |
Toll-Like Receptors and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 3 |
Book title |
Retinal Degenerative Diseases
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, January 2018
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-975401-7, 978-3-31-975402-4
|
Authors |
Kelly Mulfaul, Maedbh Rhatigan, Sarah Doyle, Mulfaul, Kelly, Rhatigan, Maedbh, Doyle, Sarah |
Abstract |
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of central vision loss in the over 50s worldwide. Activation of the immune system has been implicated in disease progression, but while polymorphisms in genes associated with the immune system have been identified as risk factors for disease, the underlying pathways and mechanisms involved in disease progression remain incompletely characterised. Typically inflammatory responses are mediated by microbial infection; however, in chronic conditions, a form of 'sterile' inflammation exists whereby immune responses occur in areas of the body, in the absence of microbes; 'sterile' inflammation is likely to be central to AMD. In this case the innate immune response is triggered when alarm signals released by stressed cells or damaged tissue are identified by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of membrane-spanning PRRs for which host-derived ligands have been identified; these include heat shock proteins, extracellular matrix breakdown products, mRNA from necrotic cells and modified lipids. Here we review the evidence for TLR involvement in the pathogenesis of AMD. |
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Unknown | 2 | 100% |
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Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Unknown | 22 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
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Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 23% |
Student > Bachelor | 3 | 14% |
Researcher | 3 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 9% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 2 | 9% |
Other | 4 | 18% |
Unknown | 3 | 14% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 36% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 14% |
Linguistics | 1 | 5% |
Social Sciences | 1 | 5% |
Other | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 5 | 23% |