Chapter title |
Urothelial Carcinoma Stem Cells: Current Concepts, Controversies, and Methods.
|
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Chapter number | 10 |
Book title |
Urothelial Carcinoma
|
Published in |
Methods in molecular biology, January 2018
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-1-4939-7234-0_10 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-1-4939-7233-3, 978-1-4939-7234-0
|
Authors |
Hatina, Jiri, Parmar, Hamendra Singh, Kripnerova, Michaela, Hepburn, Anastasia, Heer, Rakesh, Jiri Hatina, Hamendra Singh Parmar, Michaela Kripnerova, Anastasia Hepburn, Rakesh Heer |
Abstract |
Cancer stem cells are defined as a self-renewing and self-protecting subpopulation of cancer cells able to differentiate into morphologically and functionally diverse cancer cells with a limited lifespan. To purify cancer stem cells, two basic approaches can be applied, the marker-based approach employing various more of less-specific cell surface marker molecules and a marker-free approach largely based on various self-protection mechanisms. Within the context of urothelial carcinoma, both methods could find use. The cell surface markers have been mainly derived from the urothelial basal cell, a probable cell of origin of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, with CD14, CD44, CD90, and 67LR representing successful examples of this strategy. The marker-free approaches involve side population sorting, for which a detailed protocol is provided, as well as the Aldefluor assay, which rely on a specific overexpression of efflux pumps or the detoxification enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, respectively, in stem cells. These assays have been applied to both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer samples and cell lines. Urothelial carcinoma stem cells feature a pronounced heterogeneity as to their molecular stemness mechanisms. Several aspects of urothelial cancer stem cell biology could enter translational development rather soon, e.g., a specific CD44(+)-derived gene expression signature able to identify non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with a high risk of progression, or deciphering a mechanism responsible for repopulating activity of urothelial carcinoma stem cells within the context of therapeutic resistance. |
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Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
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Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 10 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Bachelor | 2 | 20% |
Researcher | 2 | 20% |
Lecturer | 1 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 1 | 10% |
Lecturer > Senior Lecturer | 1 | 10% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 3 | 30% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 40% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 20% |
Chemistry | 1 | 10% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 1 | 10% |
Unknown | 2 | 20% |