Title |
Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Reviews Microbiology, April 2015
|
DOI | 10.1038/nrmicro3432 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Ana L. Flores-Mireles, Jennifer N. Walker, Michael Caparon, Scott J. Hultgren |
Abstract |
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. In this Review, we discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular details of the crosstalk that occurs at the host-pathogen interface, as well as the consequences of these interactions for the pathophysiology of UTIs. We also describe current efforts to translate this knowledge into new clinical treatments for UTIs. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 6 | 19% |
United States | 5 | 16% |
Mexico | 2 | 6% |
Australia | 1 | 3% |
Honduras | 1 | 3% |
Argentina | 1 | 3% |
Canada | 1 | 3% |
India | 1 | 3% |
Brazil | 1 | 3% |
Other | 3 | 9% |
Unknown | 10 | 31% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 21 | 66% |
Scientists | 8 | 25% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 6% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 6 | <1% |
Germany | 3 | <1% |
Chile | 2 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Tanzania, United Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Other | 5 | <1% |
Unknown | 4749 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 855 | 18% |
Student > Master | 505 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 408 | 9% |
Researcher | 350 | 7% |
Student > Postgraduate | 233 | 5% |
Other | 660 | 14% |
Unknown | 1761 | 37% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 821 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 546 | 11% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 376 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 311 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 213 | 4% |
Other | 623 | 13% |
Unknown | 1882 | 39% |