Title |
Middle Miocene closure of the Central American Seaway
|
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Published in |
Science, April 2015
|
DOI | 10.1126/science.aaa2815 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
C Montes, A Cardona, C Jaramillo, A Pardo, J C Silva, V Valencia, C Ayala, L C Pérez-Angel, L A Rodriguez-Parra, V Ramirez, H Niño |
Abstract |
Uranium-lead geochronology in detrital zircons and provenance analyses in eight boreholes and two surface stratigraphic sections in the northern Andes provide insight into the time of closure of the Central American Seaway. The timing of this closure has been correlated with Plio-Pleistocene global oceanographic, atmospheric, and biotic events. We found that a uniquely Panamanian Eocene detrital zircon fingerprint is pronounced in middle Miocene fluvial and shallow marine strata cropping out in the northern Andes but is absent in underlying lower Miocene and Oligocene strata. We contend that this fingerprint demonstrates a fluvial connection, and therefore the absence of an intervening seaway, between the Panama arc and South America in middle Miocene times; the Central American Seaway had vanished by that time. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 28 | 20% |
Colombia | 19 | 14% |
Panama | 12 | 9% |
Spain | 4 | 3% |
Mexico | 3 | 2% |
Australia | 3 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Other | 13 | 9% |
Unknown | 52 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 105 | 76% |
Scientists | 30 | 22% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 1% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 12 | 1% |
Brazil | 8 | <1% |
Colombia | 6 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 3 | <1% |
Japan | 2 | <1% |
Mexico | 2 | <1% |
Costa Rica | 1 | <1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Other | 3 | <1% |
Unknown | 764 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 144 | 18% |
Researcher | 130 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 127 | 16% |
Student > Master | 113 | 14% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 55 | 7% |
Other | 127 | 16% |
Unknown | 107 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 270 | 34% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 262 | 33% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 39 | 5% |
Environmental Science | 38 | 5% |
Engineering | 15 | 2% |
Other | 30 | 4% |
Unknown | 149 | 19% |