Title |
Rheumatoid arthritis: pathological mechanisms and modern pharmacologic therapies
|
---|---|
Published in |
Bone Research, April 2018
|
DOI | 10.1038/s41413-018-0016-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Qiang Guo, Yuxiang Wang, Dan Xu, Johannes Nossent, Nathan J. Pavlos, Jiake Xu |
Abstract |
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the lining of the synovial joints and is associated with progressive disability, premature death, and socioeconomic burdens. A better understanding of how the pathological mechanisms drive the deterioration of RA progress in individuals is urgently required in order to develop therapies that will effectively treat patients at each stage of the disease progress. Here we dissect the etiology and pathology at specific stages: (i) triggering, (ii) maturation, (iii) targeting, and (iv) fulminant stage, concomitant with hyperplastic synovium, cartilage damage, bone erosion, and systemic consequences. Modern pharmacologic therapies (including conventional, biological, and novel potential small molecule disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) remain the mainstay of RA treatment and there has been significant progress toward achieving disease remission without joint deformity. Despite this, a significant proportion of RA patients do not effectively respond to the current therapies and thus new drugs are urgently required. This review discusses recent advances of our understanding of RA pathogenesis, disease modifying drugs, and provides perspectives on next generation therapeutics for RA. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 6 | 43% |
Mexico | 1 | 7% |
Dominican Republic | 1 | 7% |
Bulgaria | 1 | 7% |
Unknown | 5 | 36% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 11 | 79% |
Scientists | 1 | 7% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 7% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 2322 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 413 | 18% |
Student > Master | 236 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 186 | 8% |
Researcher | 110 | 5% |
Student > Postgraduate | 84 | 4% |
Other | 270 | 12% |
Unknown | 1023 | 44% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 334 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 250 | 11% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 193 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 101 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 100 | 4% |
Other | 276 | 12% |
Unknown | 1068 | 46% |