Title |
Vaccine delivery: a matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Reviews Immunology, October 2010
|
DOI | 10.1038/nri2868 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Martin F. Bachmann, Gary T. Jennings |
Abstract |
Researchers working on the development of vaccines face an inherent dilemma: to maximize immunogenicity without compromising safety and tolerability. Early vaccines often induced long-lived protective immune responses, but tolerability was a major problem. Newer vaccines have very few side effects but can be of limited immunogenicity. One way to tackle this problem is to design vaccines that have all the properties of pathogens with the exception of causing disease. Key features of pathogens that can be mimicked by vaccine delivery systems are their size, shape and surface molecule organization. In addition, pathogen-associated molecular patterns can be used to induce innate immune responses that promote adaptive immunity. In this Review, we discuss the approaches currently being used to optimize the delivery of antigens and enhance vaccine efficacy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 3 | 75% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 4 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 8 | <1% |
Germany | 4 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 4 | <1% |
Switzerland | 2 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Ireland | 1 | <1% |
Kenya | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Other | 9 | <1% |
Unknown | 1335 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 343 | 25% |
Researcher | 189 | 14% |
Student > Master | 154 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 133 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 69 | 5% |
Other | 163 | 12% |
Unknown | 317 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 256 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 194 | 14% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 145 | 11% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 87 | 6% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 82 | 6% |
Other | 249 | 18% |
Unknown | 355 | 26% |