Title |
High-rate injection is associated with the increase in U.S. mid-continent seismicity
|
---|---|
Published in |
Science, June 2015
|
DOI | 10.1126/science.aab1345 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
M Weingarten, S Ge, J W Godt, B A Bekins, J L Rubinstein |
Abstract |
An unprecedented increase in earthquakes in the U.S. mid-continent began in 2009. Many of these earthquakes have been documented as induced by wastewater injection. We examine the relationship between wastewater injection and U.S. mid-continent seismicity using a newly assembled injection well database for the central and eastern United States. We find that the entire increase in earthquake rate is associated with fluid injection wells. High-rate injection wells (>300,000 barrels per month) are much more likely to be associated with earthquakes than lower-rate wells. At the scale of our study, a well's cumulative injected volume, monthly wellhead pressure, depth, and proximity to crystalline basement do not strongly correlate with earthquake association. Managing injection rates may be a useful tool to minimize the likelihood of induced earthquakes. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 37 | 31% |
Canada | 7 | 6% |
Spain | 3 | 2% |
Germany | 3 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 2% |
India | 3 | 2% |
Sri Lanka | 2 | 2% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Indonesia | 1 | <1% |
Other | 10 | 8% |
Unknown | 51 | 42% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 97 | 80% |
Scientists | 14 | 12% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 6 | 5% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Canada | 2 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 328 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 93 | 27% |
Researcher | 55 | 16% |
Student > Master | 46 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 27 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 23 | 7% |
Other | 54 | 16% |
Unknown | 43 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 153 | 45% |
Engineering | 53 | 16% |
Environmental Science | 26 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 2% |
Energy | 6 | 2% |
Other | 29 | 9% |
Unknown | 68 | 20% |