Title |
CO2 – Intrinsic Product, Essential Substrate, and Regulatory Trigger of Microbial and Mammalian Production Processes
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, August 2015
|
DOI | 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00108 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Bastian Blombach, Ralf Takors |
Abstract |
Carbon dioxide formation mirrors the final carbon oxidation steps of aerobic metabolism in microbial and mammalian cells. As a consequence, [Formula: see text] dissociation equilibria arise in fermenters by the growing culture. Anaplerotic reactions make use of the abundant [Formula: see text] levels for refueling citric acid cycle demands and for enabling oxaloacetate-derived products. At the same time, CO2 is released manifold in metabolic reactions via decarboxylation activity. The levels of extracellular [Formula: see text] depend on cellular activities and physical constraints such as hydrostatic pressures, aeration, and the efficiency of mixing in large-scale bioreactors. Besides, local [Formula: see text] levels might also act as metabolic inhibitors or transcriptional effectors triggering regulatory events inside the cells. This review gives an overview about fundamental physicochemical properties of [Formula: see text] in microbial and mammalian cultures effecting cellular physiology, production processes, metabolic activity, and transcriptional regulation. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Switzerland | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Spain | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 111 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 21 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 19 | 17% |
Researcher | 18 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 11% |
Other | 5 | 4% |
Other | 10 | 9% |
Unknown | 28 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 27 | 24% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 16% |
Chemical Engineering | 10 | 9% |
Engineering | 8 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 4% |
Other | 14 | 12% |
Unknown | 32 | 28% |