Title |
Neighbourhood built environment associations with body size in adults: mediating effects of activity and sedentariness in a cross-sectional study of New Zealand adults
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Published in |
BMC Public Health, September 2015
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DOI | 10.1186/s12889-015-2292-2 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Melody Oliver, Karen Witten, Tony Blakely, Karl Parker, Hannah Badland, Grant Schofield, Vivienne Ivory, Jamie Pearce, Suzanne Mavoa, Erica Hinckson, Paul Sweetsur, Robin Kearns |
Abstract |
The aim of this study was to determine the associations between body size and built environment walkability variables, as well as the mediating role of physical activity and sedentary behaviours with body size. Objective environment, body size (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)), and sedentary time and physical activity data were collected from a random selection of 2033 adults aged 20-65 years living in 48 neighbourhoods across four New Zealand cities. Multilevel regression models were calculated for each comparison between body size outcome and built environment exposure. Street connectivity and neighborhood destination accessibility were significant predictors of body size (1 SDchange predicted a 1.27 to 1.41 % reduction in BMI and a 1.76 to 2.29 % reduction in WC). Significantrelationships were also observed for streetscape (1 SD change predicted a 1.33 % reduction in BMI) anddwelling density (1 SD change predicted a 1.97 % reduction in BMI). Mediation analyses revealed asignificant mediating effect of physical activity on the relationships between body size and street connectivity and neighbourhood destination accessibility (explaining between 10.4 and 14.6 % of the total effect). No significant mediating effect of sedentary behaviour was found. Findings from this cross-sectional study of a random selection of New Zealand adults are consistent with international research. Findings are limited to individual environment features only; conclusions cannot be drawn about the cumulative and combined effect of individual features on outcomes. Built environment features were associated with body size in the expected directions. Objectively-assessed physical activity mediated observed built environment-body size relationships. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 3 | 60% |
Greece | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 1 | 20% |
Demographic breakdown
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Members of the public | 3 | 60% |
Scientists | 2 | 40% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Unknown | 142 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Master | 27 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 23 | 16% |
Researcher | 21 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 11 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 7% |
Other | 24 | 17% |
Unknown | 26 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Social Sciences | 26 | 18% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 21 | 15% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 19 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 4% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 4% |
Other | 29 | 20% |
Unknown | 35 | 25% |