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Characterization and annotation of Babesia orientalis apicoplast genome

Overview of attention for article published in Parasites & Vectors, October 2015
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Title
Characterization and annotation of Babesia orientalis apicoplast genome
Published in
Parasites & Vectors, October 2015
DOI 10.1186/s13071-015-1158-x
Pubmed ID
Authors

Yuan Huang, Lan He, Jinfang Hu, Pei He, Junwei He, Long Yu, Ngabu Malobi, Yanqin Zhou, Bang Shen, JunLong Zhao

Abstract

Babesia orientalis is an obligate intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, Linnaeus, 1758) transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus heamaphysaloides. It is the causative agent of water buffalo babesiosis, one of the most important pathogens of water buffalo in central and southern China. As a member of the phylum Apicomplexa, B. orientalis possesses a relatively independent and alga originated organelle the apicoplast. Apicoplasts in other apicomplexa parasites are involved in the biosynthesis of haem, fatty acids, iron-sulphur clusters and isoprenoids. Some of these metabolic pathways were shown to be essential for parasite survival, therefore can serve as potential drug targets. 30 pairs of primers were designed based on the full genome sequence of B. orientalis (unpublished data) and by aligning reported apicoplast genomes of Babesia bovis and Theileria parva. Conventional PCRs was performed to obtain overlapped fragments to cover the whole apicoplast genome. Then the apicoplast genome of B.orientalis was sequenced, assembled and aligned with reported apicoplast genomes of B. bovis and T. parva. The obtained apicoplast genome was annotated by using Artemis and comparing with published apicomplexan apicoplast genomes. The SSU and LSU nucleotide sequences generated were used in a phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood implemented in MAGE 6.0. We have obtained and analyzed the complete genome sequence of the B. orientalis apicoplast. It consisted of a 33.2 kb circular DNA (78.9 % A + T). The apicoplast genome unidirectionally encodes one large and one small subunit ribosomal RNAs, 24 tRNA genes, 4 DNA-dependent RNA polymerase beta subunits (rpoB, rpoC1, rpoC2a and rpoC2b), 17 ribosomal proteins, one EF-Tu elongation factor, 2 Clp protease chaperones, and 14 hypothetical proteins. In addition, it includes two copies of the clpC gene. The structure and organization of the B. orientalis apicoplast genome are most similar to those of the B. bovis apicoplast. This is the first report of the complete sequence of the B. orientalis apicoplast genome. This information should be useful in the development of safe and efficient treatment against buffalo babesiosis.

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Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 30 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 30 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Student > Ph. D. Student 8 27%
Researcher 7 23%
Student > Bachelor 3 10%
Student > Doctoral Student 2 7%
Student > Master 2 7%
Other 3 10%
Unknown 5 17%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 9 30%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 8 27%
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine 2 7%
Immunology and Microbiology 2 7%
Social Sciences 1 3%
Other 0 0%
Unknown 8 27%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 October 2015.
All research outputs
#18,429,163
of 22,830,751 outputs
Outputs from Parasites & Vectors
#4,228
of 5,465 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#201,437
of 280,050 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Parasites & Vectors
#108
of 153 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,830,751 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 11th percentile – i.e., 11% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 5,465 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.7. This one is in the 11th percentile – i.e., 11% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 280,050 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 16th percentile – i.e., 16% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 153 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 13th percentile – i.e., 13% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.