Title |
Special low protein foods for phenylketonuria: availability in Europe and an examination of their nutritional profile
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Published in |
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, December 2015
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DOI | 10.1186/s13023-015-0378-7 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Maria João Pena, Manuela Ferreira Almeida, Esther van Dam, Kirsten Ahring, Amaya Bélanger-Quintana, Katharina Dokoupil, Hulya Gokmen-Ozel, Anna Maria Lammardo, Anita MacDonald, Martine Robert, Júlio César Rocha |
Abstract |
Special low protein foods (SLPF) are essential in the nutritional management of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). The study objectives were to: 1) identify the number of SLPF available for use in eight European countries and Turkey and 2) analyse the nutritional composition of SLPF available in one of these countries. European Nutritionist Expert Panel on PKU (ENEP) members (Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Denmark and Turkey) provided data on SPLF available in each country. The nutritional composition of Portuguese SLPF was compared with regular food products. The number of different SLPF available in each country varied widely with a median of 107 [ranging from 73 (Portugal) and 256 (Italy)]. Food analysis of SLPF available from a single country (Portugal) indicated that the mean phenylalanine content was higher in low protein baby cereals (mean 48 mg/100 g) and chocolate/energy bars/jelly (mean 41 mg/100 g). The energy content of different foods from a sub-group of SLPF (cookies) varied widely between 23 and 96 kcal/cookie. Low protein bread had a high fat content [mean 5.8 g/100 g (range 3.7 to 10)] compared with 1.6 g/100 g in regular bread. Seven of the 12 SLPF sub-groups (58 %) did not declare any vitamin content, and only 4 (33 %) identified a limited number of minerals. Whilst equal and free access to all SLPF is desirable, the widely variable nutritional composition requires careful nutritional knowledge of all products when prescribed for individual patients with PKU. There is a need for more specific nutritional standards for special low protein foods. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 3 | 75% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 50% |
Scientists | 2 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 73 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 13 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 12% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 11% |
Researcher | 7 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 7 | 10% |
Other | 11 | 15% |
Unknown | 18 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 17 | 23% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 13 | 18% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 7% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 4% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 4% |
Other | 10 | 14% |
Unknown | 22 | 30% |