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Endovascular external carotid artery occlusion for brain selective targeting: a cerebrovascular swine model

Overview of attention for article published in BMC Research Notes, December 2015
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Title
Endovascular external carotid artery occlusion for brain selective targeting: a cerebrovascular swine model
Published in
BMC Research Notes, December 2015
DOI 10.1186/s13104-015-1714-7
Pubmed ID
Authors

Sundeep Mangla, Jae H. Choi, Frank C. Barone, Carol Novotney, Jenny Libien, Erwin Lin, John Pile-Spellman

Abstract

The choice of an animal model for cerebrovascular research is often determined by the disease subtype to be studied (e.g. ischemic stroke, hemorrhage, trauma), as well as the nature of the intervention to be tested (i.e. medical device or pharmaceutical). Many initial studies are performed in smaller animals, as they are cost-effective and their encephalic vasculature closely models that of humans. Non-human primates are also utilized when confirmation or validation is required on higher levels and to test larger devices. However, working with primates is complex and expensive. Intermediate sized animal models, such as swine and sheep, may represent a valuable compromise. Their cerebrovascular anatomy, however, comes with challenges because of the natural higher external carotid artery perfusion and the existence of a rete mirabile. We describe a modification to the traditional swine cerebrovascular model that significantly enhances selective brain hemispheric perfusion, limiting external carotid perfusion and dilution. We investigated whether unilateral endovascular coil-embolization of external carotid artery branches in swine would lead to increased brain perfusion, altering cerebral circulation so that it more closely models human cerebral circulation. Equal amounts of approximately 4 °C cold saline were injected in 6 Yorkshire pigs into the ipsilateral common carotid artery before and after embolization. Hemispheric temperature changes from pre- and post-embolization were obtained as a measure of brain perfusion and averaged and compared using non-parametric statistical tests (Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U Test). Graphs were plotted with absolute changes in hemispheric temperature over time to determine peak temperature drop (PTD) and corresponding time to peak (TTP) following the cold bolus injection. There was a 288 ± 90 % increase in ipsilateral brain cooling after embolization indicating improved selective blood flow to the brain due to this vascular modification. We have developed an effective, selective vascular brain model in swine that may be useful as a practical and cost-reducing intermediate step for evaluating target dose-responses for central nervous system drugs and brain selective interventions, such as local hypothermia.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 29 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
Unknown 29 100%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 5 17%
Student > Bachelor 4 14%
Student > Ph. D. Student 3 10%
Student > Doctoral Student 2 7%
Student > Postgraduate 2 7%
Other 5 17%
Unknown 8 28%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 3 10%
Engineering 3 10%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 2 7%
Neuroscience 2 7%
Psychology 1 3%
Other 3 10%
Unknown 15 52%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 December 2015.
All research outputs
#20,299,108
of 22,836,570 outputs
Outputs from BMC Research Notes
#3,562
of 4,266 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#326,760
of 389,451 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Research Notes
#121
of 140 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 4,266 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.5. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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