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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Melittin induces in vitro death of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum by triggering the cellular innate immune response
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, January 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s40409-016-0055-x |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Andreia Vieira Pereira, Gustavo de Barros, Erika Gracielle Pinto, Andre Gustavo Tempone, Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi, Lucilene Delazari dos Santos, Sueli Calvi, Rui Seabra Ferreira, Daniel Carvalho Pimenta, Benedito Barraviera |
| Abstract |
Apis mellifera venom, which has already been recommended as an alternative anti-inflammatory treatment, may be also considered an important source of candidate molecules for biotechnological and biomedical uses, such as the treatment of parasitic diseases. Africanized honeybee venom from Apis mellifera was fractionated by RP-C18-HPLC and the obtained melittin was incubated with promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum. Cytotoxicity to mice peritoneal macrophages was evaluated through mitochondrial oxidative activity. The production of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines, NO and H2O2 by macrophages was determined. Promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were susceptible to melittin (IC50 28.3 μg.mL(-1) and 1.4 μg.mL(-1), respectively), but also showed mammalian cell cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 5.7 μg.mL(-1). Uninfected macrophages treated with melittin increased the production of IL-10, TNF-α, NO and H2O2. Infected melittin-treated macrophages increased IL-12 production, but decreased the levels of IL-10, TNF-α, NO and H2O2. The results showed that melittin acts in vitro against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) infantum. Furthermore, they can act indirectly on intracellular amastigotes through a macrophage immunomodulatory effect. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 7 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 2 | 29% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 14% |
| Unknown | 4 | 57% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 5 | 71% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 14% |
| Scientists | 1 | 14% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 69 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 69 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 10 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 12% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 10% |
| Student > Master | 7 | 10% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 6% |
| Other | 14 | 20% |
| Unknown | 19 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 20% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 9 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 9% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 7% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 5 | 7% |
| Other | 9 | 13% |
| Unknown | 21 | 30% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 5. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 21 February 2016.
All research outputs
#7,148,903
of 25,374,647 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
#133
of 539 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#104,876
of 400,038 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
#3
of 11 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,374,647 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 71st percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 539 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.6. This one has done well, scoring higher than 75% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 400,038 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 73% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 11 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 72% of its contemporaries.