Title |
The environment and schizophrenia
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature, November 2010
|
DOI | 10.1038/nature09563 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jim van Os, Gunter Kenis, Bart P. F. Rutten |
Abstract |
Psychotic syndromes can be understood as disorders of adaptation to social context. Although heritability is often emphasized, onset is associated with environmental factors such as early life adversity, growing up in an urban environment, minority group position and cannabis use, suggesting that exposure may have an impact on the developing 'social' brain during sensitive periods. Therefore heritability, as an index of genetic influence, may be of limited explanatory power unless viewed in the context of interaction with social effects. Longitudinal research is needed to uncover gene-environment interplay that determines how expression of vulnerability in the general population may give rise to more severe psychopathology. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 2 | 14% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 14% |
Mexico | 1 | 7% |
Italy | 1 | 7% |
Argentina | 1 | 7% |
United States | 1 | 7% |
Puerto Rico | 1 | 7% |
Unknown | 5 | 36% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 9 | 64% |
Scientists | 4 | 29% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 21 | 1% |
United Kingdom | 18 | <1% |
Germany | 8 | <1% |
Brazil | 7 | <1% |
Spain | 6 | <1% |
France | 4 | <1% |
Netherlands | 3 | <1% |
Italy | 3 | <1% |
Canada | 3 | <1% |
Other | 21 | 1% |
Unknown | 1796 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 287 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 280 | 15% |
Student > Master | 267 | 14% |
Researcher | 224 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 112 | 6% |
Other | 405 | 21% |
Unknown | 315 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 473 | 25% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 300 | 16% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 229 | 12% |
Neuroscience | 210 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 56 | 3% |
Other | 214 | 11% |
Unknown | 408 | 22% |