Title |
The Hierarchical Face: Higher Rankings Lead to Less Cooperative Looks
|
---|---|
Published in |
Journal of Applied Psychology, January 2012
|
DOI | 10.1037/a0026308 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Patricia Chen, Christopher G. Myers, Shirli Kopelman, Stephen M. Garcia |
Abstract |
In 3 studies, we tested the hypothesis that the higher ranked an individual's group is, the less cooperative the facial expression of that person is judged to be. Study 1 established this effect among business school deans, with observers rating individuals from higher ranked schools as appearing less cooperative, despite lacking prior knowledge of the latters' actual rankings. Study 2 then experimentally manipulated ranking, showing that the effect of rankings on facial expressions is driven by context rather than by individual differences per se. Finally, Study 3 demonstrated that the repercussions of this effect extend beyond the perception of cooperativeness to tangible behavioral outcomes in social interactions. Theoretical and practical implications of this phenomenon are discussed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 5% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 2% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
New Zealand | 1 | 1% |
Canada | 1 | 1% |
Russia | 1 | 1% |
Mexico | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 72 | 87% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 27 | 33% |
Researcher | 10 | 12% |
Student > Master | 10 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 12% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 6 | 7% |
Other | 10 | 12% |
Unknown | 10 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 36 | 43% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 22 | 27% |
Social Sciences | 10 | 12% |
Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 2 | 2% |
Arts and Humanities | 1 | 1% |
Other | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 11 | 13% |