Title |
Zika Virus and Birth Defects — Reviewing the Evidence for Causality
|
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Published in |
New England Journal of Medicine, April 2016
|
DOI | 10.1056/nejmsr1604338 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sonja A Rasmussen, Denise J Jamieson, Margaret A Honein, Lyle R Petersen |
Abstract |
The Zika virus has spread rapidly in the Americas since its first identification in Brazil in early 2015. Prenatal Zika virus infection has been linked to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, most notably microcephaly and other serious brain anomalies. To determine whether Zika virus infection during pregnancy causes these adverse outcomes, we evaluated available data using criteria that have been proposed for the assessment of potential teratogens. On the basis of this review, we conclude that a causal relationship exists between prenatal Zika virus infection and microcephaly and other serious brain anomalies. Evidence that was used to support this . . . |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 303 | 28% |
United Kingdom | 49 | 4% |
Mexico | 43 | 4% |
Spain | 29 | 3% |
Canada | 28 | 3% |
Brazil | 26 | 2% |
Colombia | 16 | 1% |
Australia | 14 | 1% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 12 | 1% |
Other | 169 | 16% |
Unknown | 401 | 37% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 764 | 70% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 148 | 14% |
Scientists | 135 | 12% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 43 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 18 | <1% |
Brazil | 14 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 7 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Tanzania, United Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1 | <1% |
Pakistan | 1 | <1% |
Other | 11 | <1% |
Unknown | 1783 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 319 | 17% |
Student > Master | 293 | 16% |
Researcher | 236 | 13% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 199 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 125 | 7% |
Other | 379 | 21% |
Unknown | 289 | 16% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 523 | 28% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 224 | 12% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 209 | 11% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 108 | 6% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 95 | 5% |
Other | 326 | 18% |
Unknown | 355 | 19% |