Title |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 enhances NF-kappaB activation in Escherichia coli-stimulated urinary bladder cells through TLR4
|
---|---|
Published in |
BMC Microbiology, January 2012
|
DOI | 10.1186/1471-2180-12-15 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mattias Karlsson, Nikolai Scherbak, Gregor Reid, Jana Jass |
Abstract |
Epithelial cells of the urinary tract recognize pathogenic bacteria through pattern recognition receptors on their surface, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), and mount an immune response through the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Some uropathogenic bacteria can subvert these cellular responses, creating problems with how the host eliminates pathogens. Lactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria that are part of the microbiota and consist of many probiotic strains, some specifically for urogenital infections. Immunomodulation has emerged as an important mode of action of probiotic and commensal lactobacilli and given the importance of epithelial cells, we evaluated the effect of the urogenital probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 on epithelial immune activation. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Sweden | 1 | 1% |
Kazakhstan | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 86 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 16 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 18% |
Researcher | 14 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 6% |
Other | 15 | 17% |
Unknown | 13 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 24 | 27% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 16 | 18% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 11 | 13% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 10% |
Computer Science | 1 | 1% |
Other | 9 | 10% |
Unknown | 18 | 20% |