Title |
Drug resistance in eukaryotic microorganisms
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Microbiology, June 2016
|
DOI | 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.92 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Alan H. Fairlamb, Neil A. R. Gow, Keith R. Matthews, Andrew P. Waters |
Abstract |
Eukaryotic microbial pathogens are major contributors to illness and death globally. Although much of their impact can be controlled by drug therapy as with prokaryotic microorganisms, the emergence of drug resistance has threatened these treatment efforts. Here, we discuss the challenges posed by eukaryotic microbial pathogens and how these are similar to, or differ from, the challenges of prokaryotic antibiotic resistance. The therapies used for several major eukaryotic microorganisms are then detailed, and the mechanisms that they have evolved to overcome these therapies are described. The rapid emergence of resistance and the restricted pipeline of new drug therapies pose considerable risks to global health and are particularly acute in the developing world. Nonetheless, we detail how the integration of new technology, biological understanding, epidemiology and evolutionary analysis can help sustain existing therapies, anticipate the emergence of resistance or optimize the deployment of new therapies. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 16 | 42% |
United States | 4 | 11% |
Spain | 2 | 5% |
Chile | 2 | 5% |
France | 1 | 3% |
Kenya | 1 | 3% |
Canada | 1 | 3% |
India | 1 | 3% |
Ecuador | 1 | 3% |
Other | 2 | 5% |
Unknown | 7 | 18% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 21 | 55% |
Scientists | 14 | 37% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 5% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 215 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 33 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 32 | 15% |
Student > Master | 28 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 27 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 15 | 7% |
Other | 34 | 16% |
Unknown | 49 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 57 | 26% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 38 | 17% |
Chemistry | 18 | 8% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 11 | 5% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 3% |
Other | 27 | 12% |
Unknown | 61 | 28% |