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Candesartan, an Angiotensin II AT1-Receptor Blocker and PPAR-γ Agonist, Reduces Lesion Volume and Improves Motor and Memory Function After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Overview of attention for article published in Neuropsychopharmacology, August 2012
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Title
Candesartan, an Angiotensin II AT1-Receptor Blocker and PPAR-γ Agonist, Reduces Lesion Volume and Improves Motor and Memory Function After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
Published in
Neuropsychopharmacology, August 2012
DOI 10.1038/npp.2012.152
Pubmed ID
Authors

Sonia Villapol, Alexandra K Yaszemski, Trevor T Logan, Enrique Sánchez-Lemus, Juan M Saavedra, Aviva J Symes

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in complex pathological reactions, the initial lesion worsened by secondary inflammation and edema. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is produced in the brain and Ang II receptor type 1 (AT₁R) overstimulation produces vasoconstriction and inflammation. Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) are neuroprotective in models of stroke but little is known of their effect when administered in TBI models. We therefore performed controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury on mice to investigate whether the ARB candesartan would mitigate any effects of TBI. We administered candesartan or vehicle to mice 5 h before CCI injury. Candesartan treatment reduced the lesion volume after CCI injury by approximately 50%, decreased the number of dying neurons, lessened the number of activated microglial cells, protected cerebral blood flow (CBF), and reduced the expression of the cytokine TGFβ1 while increasing expression of TGFβ3. Candesartan-treated mice also showed better motor skills on the rotarod 3 days after injury, and improved performance in the Morris water maze 4 weeks after injury. These results indicate that candesartan is neuroprotective, reducing neuronal injury, decreasing lesion volume and microglial activation, protecting CBF and improving functional behavior in a mouse model of TBI. Co-treatment with a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) antagonist significantly reduced some of the beneficial effects of candesartan after CCI, suggesting that PPARγ activation may contribute to part or to all of the neuroprotective effect of candesartan. Overall, our data suggest that ARBs with dual AT₁R-blocking and PPARγ activation properties may have therapeutic value in treating TBI.

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Mendeley readers

Mendeley readers

The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 83 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.

Geographical breakdown

Country Count As %
United States 2 2%
Spain 1 1%
Japan 1 1%
Unknown 79 95%

Demographic breakdown

Readers by professional status Count As %
Researcher 10 12%
Student > Ph. D. Student 9 11%
Student > Master 9 11%
Student > Bachelor 9 11%
Student > Doctoral Student 7 8%
Other 24 29%
Unknown 15 18%
Readers by discipline Count As %
Medicine and Dentistry 18 22%
Neuroscience 15 18%
Agricultural and Biological Sciences 12 14%
Psychology 5 6%
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 4 5%
Other 10 12%
Unknown 19 23%
Attention Score in Context

Attention Score in Context

This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 15 December 2023.
All research outputs
#15,791,564
of 25,000,733 outputs
Outputs from Neuropsychopharmacology
#3,626
of 4,406 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#106,724
of 175,378 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Neuropsychopharmacology
#30
of 47 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,000,733 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 34th percentile – i.e., 34% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 4,406 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 21.0. This one is in the 16th percentile – i.e., 16% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 175,378 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 36th percentile – i.e., 36% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 47 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 36th percentile – i.e., 36% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.