Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

GBD 2016 Mortality Collaborators, Haidong Wang, Amanuel Alemu Abajobir, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Kaja M Abbas, Foad Abd-Allah, Semaw Ferede Abera, Haftom Niguse Abraha, Laith J Abu-Raddad, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh, Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Ifedayo Morayo O Adetifa, Olatunji Adetokunboh, Ashkan Afshin, Rakesh Aggarwal, Anurag Agrawal, Sutapa Agrawal, Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Amani Nidhal Aichour, Ibthiel Aichour, Sneha Aiyar, Ali Shafqat Akanda, Tomi F Akinyemiju, Nadia Akseer, Faris Hasan Al Lami, Samer Alabed, Fares Alahdab, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Deena Alasfoor, Robert William Aldridge, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Ayman Al-Eyadhy, Samia Alhabib, Raghib Ali, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Syed M Aljunid, Juma M Alkaabi, Ala'a Alkerwi, François Alla, Shalini D Allam, Peter Allebeck, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Ubai Alsharif, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Azmeraw T Amare, Emmanuel A Ameh, Erfan Amini, Walid Ammar, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Nahla Anber, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Sofia Androudi, Hossein Ansari, Mustafa Geleto Ansha, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Palwasha Anwari, Johan Ärnlöv, Megha Arora, Al Artaman, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Hamid Asayesh, Solomon Weldegebreal Asgedom, Rana Jawad Asghar, Reza Assadi, Ashagre Molla Assaye, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Sachin R Atre, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokpaho, Ashish Awasthi, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Umar Bacha, Alaa Badawi, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Shivanthi Balalla, Aleksandra Barac, Ryan M Barber, Miguel A Barboza, Suzanne L Barker-Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Simon Barquera, Lars Barregard, Lope H Barrero, Bernhard T Baune, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Neeraj Bedi, Ettore Beghi, Yannick Béjot, Bayu Begashaw Bekele, Michelle L Bell, Aminu K Bello, Derrick A Bennett, James R Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, Jennifer Benson, Adugnaw Berhane, Derbew Fikadu Berhe, Eduardo Bernabé, Mircea Beuran, Addisu Shunu Beyene, Neeraj Bhala, Anil Bhansali, Soumyadeep Bhaumik, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Boris Bikbov, Charles Birungi, Stan Biryukov, Donal Bisanzio, Habtamu Mellie Bizuayehu, Peter Bjerregaard, Christopher D Blosser, Dube Jara Boneya, Soufiane Boufous, Rupert R A Bourne, Alexandra Brazinova, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Hermann Brenner, Traolach S Brugha, Gene Bukhman, Lemma Negesa Bulto Bulto, Blair Randal Bumgarner, Michael Burch, Zahid A Butt, Leah E Cahill, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Josip Car, Mate Car, Rosario Cárdenas, David O Carpenter, Juan Jesus Carrero, Austin Carter, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz F Castro, Ruben Estanislao Castro, Ferrán Catalá-López, Honglei Chen, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Mirriam Chibalabala, Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa, Abdulaal A Chitheer, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Hanne Christensen, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Aaron J Cohen, Samantha M Colquhoun, Josef Coresh, Michael H Criqui, Elizabeth A Cromwell, John A Crump, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Paul I Dargan, José das Neves, Gail Davey, Dragos V Davitoiu, Kairat Davletov, Barbora de Courten, Diego De Leo, Louisa Degenhardt, Selina Deiparine, Robert P Dellavalle, Kebede Deribe, Amare Deribew, Don C Des Jarlais, Subhojit Dey, Samath D Dharmaratne, Mukesh K Dherani, Cesar Diaz-Torné, Eric L Ding, Priyanka Dixit, Shirin Djalalinia, Huyen Phuc, David Teye Doku, Christl Ann Donnelly, Kadine Priscila Bender dos Santos, Dirk Douwes-Schultz, Tim R Driscoll, Leilei Duan, Manisha Dubey, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Laxmi Kant Dwivedi, Hedyeh Ebrahimi, Charbel El Bcheraoui, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Ahmadali Enayati, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Setegn Eshetie, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Alireza Esteghamati, Kara Estep, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele Fanuel, André Faro, Maryam S Farvid, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Jefferson G Fernandes, João C Fernandes, Tesfaye Regassa Feyissa, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Nataliya Foigt, Kyle J Foreman, Tahvi Frank, Richard C Franklin, Maya Fraser, Joseph Friedman, Joseph J Frostad, Nancy Fullman, Thomas Fürst, Joao M Furtado, Neal D Futran, Emmanuela Gakidou, Ketevan Gambashidze, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Gebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs, Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot, Kahsu Gebrekirstos Gebrekidan, Mengistu Welday Gebremichael, Amha Admasie Gelaye, Johanna M Geleijnse, Bikila Lencha Gemechu, Kasiye Shiferaw Gemechu, Ricard Genova-Maleras, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Peter W Gething, Katherine B Gibney, Paramjit Singh Gill, Richard F Gillum, Ababi Zergaw Giref, Bedilu Weji Girma, Giorgia Giussani, Shifalika Goenka, Beatriz Gomez, Philimon N Gona, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Alessandra Carvalho Goulart, Nicholas Graetz, Harish Chander Gugnani, Prakash C Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Tanush Gupta, Vipin Gupta, Juanita A Haagsma, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Alex Hakuzimana, Yara A Halasa, Randah Ribhi Hamadeh, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa, Samer Hamidi, Mouhanad Hammami, Jamie Hancock, Alexis J Handal, Graeme J Hankey, Yuantao Hao, Hilda L Harb, Habtamu Abera Hareri, Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan, Josep Maria Haro, Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand, Rasmus Havmoeller, Roderick J Hay, Simon I Hay, Fei He, Ileana Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Claudiu Herteliu, Esayas Haregot Hilawe, Hans W Hoek, Nobuyuki Horita, H Dean Hosgood, Sorin Hostiuc, Peter J Hotez, Damian G Hoy, Mohamed Hsairi, Aung Soe Htet, Guoqing Hu, John J Huang, Hsiang Huang, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Ehimario Uche Igumbor, Bogdan Vasile Ileanu, Manami Inoue, Asnake Ararsa Irenso, Caleb M S Irvine, Mohammed Shariful Islam, Nazrul Islam, Kathryn H Jacobsen, Thomas Jaenisch, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo B Jakovljevic, Mehdi Javanbakht, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Paul N Jensen, Vivekanand Jha, Ye Jin, Denny John, Oommen John, Sarah Charlotte Johnson, Jost B Jonas, Mikk Jürisson, Zubair Kabir, Rajendra Kadel, Amaha Kahsay, Yogeshwar Kalkonde, Ritul Kamal, Haidong Kan, André Karch, Corine Kakizi Karema, Seyed M Karimi, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Amir Kasaeian, Nigussie Assefa Kassaw, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Anshul Kastor, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Anil Kaul, Norito Kawakami, Konstantin Kazanjan, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Sefonias Getachew Kelbore, Andrew Haddon Kemp, Andre Pascal Kengne, Andre Keren, Maia Kereselidze, Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran, Ezra Belay Ketema, Yousef Saleh Khader, Ibrahim A Khalil, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Sahil Khera, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah Khoja, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Getiye Dejenu Kibret, Christian Kieling, Yun Jin Kim, Cho-il Kim, Daniel Kim, Pauline Kim, Sungroul Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Yohannes Kinfu, Sami Kishawi, Niranjan Kissoon, Mika Kivimaki, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Jacek A Kopec, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Michael Kravchenko, Kristopher J Krohn, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Ernst J Kuipers, Xie Rachel Kulikoff, Veena S Kulkarni, G Anil Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Fekede Asefa Kumsa, Michael Kutz, Carl Lachat, Abraham K Lagat, Anton Carl Jonas Lager, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Nkurunziza Lambert, Qing Lan, Van C Lansingh, Heidi J Larson, Anders Larsson, Dennis Odai Laryea, Pablo M Lavados, Avula Laxmaiah, Paul H Lee, James Leigh, Janni Leung, Ricky Leung, Miriam Levi, Yongmei Li, Yu Liao, Misgan Legesse Liben, Stephen S Lim, Shai Linn, Steven E Lipshultz, Shiwei Liu, Rakesh Lodha, Giancarlo Logroscino, Scott A Lorch, Stefan Lorkowski, Paulo A Lotufo, Rafael Lozano, Raimundas Lunevicius, Ronan A Lyons, Stefan Ma, Erlyn RachelleKing Macarayan, Isis Eloah Machado, Mark T Mackay, Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Mahdavi, Marek Majdan, Reza Majdzadeh, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Rajesh Malhotra, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Lorenzo G Mantovani, Tsegahun Manyazewal, Chabila C Mapoma, Laurie B Marczak, Guy B Marks, Elena Alvarez Martin, Jose Martinez-Raga, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, João Massano, Pallab K Maulik, Bongani M Mayosi, Mohsen Mazidi, Colm McAlinden, Stephen Theodore McGarvey, John J McGrath, Martin McKee, Suresh Mehata, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Kala M Mehta, Toni Meier, Tefera Chane Mekonnen, Kidanu Gebremariam Meles, Peter Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Melkamu Merid Mengesha, Mubarek Abera Mengistie, Desalegn Tadese Mengistu, Geetha R Menon, Bereket Gebremichael Menota, George A Mensah, Tuomo J Meretoja, Atte Meretoja, Haftay Berhane Mezgebe, Renata Micha, Joseph Mikesell, Ted R Miller, Edward J Mills, Shawn Minnig, Mojde Mirarefin, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Awoke Misganaw, Shiva Raj Mishra, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Alireza Mohammadi, Kedir Endris Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Murali B V Mohan, Sanjay K Mohanty, Ali H Mokdad, Sarah K Mollenkopf, Mariam Molokhia, Lorenzo Monasta, Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez, Marcella Montico, Meghan D Mooney, Ami R Moore, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Rintaro Mori, Shane D Morrison, Kalayu Birhane Mruts, Ulrich O Mueller, Erin Mullany, Kate Muller, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy, Srinivas Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Jean B Nachega, Chie Nagata, Gabriele Nagel, Mohsen Naghavi, Kovin S Naidoo, Lipika Nanda, Vinay Nangia, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Ionut Negoi, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Quyen Le Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Grant Nguyen, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Marika Nomura, Vuong Minh Nong, Ole F Norheim, Bo Norrving, Jean Jacques N Noubiap, Luke Nyakarahuka, Martin J O'Donnell, Carla Makhlouf Obermeyer, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, In-Hwan Oh, Anselm Okoro, Olanrewaju Oladimeji, Andrew Toyin Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Eyal Oren, Alberto Ortiz, Aaron Osgood-Zimmerman, Erika Ota, Mayowa O Owolabi, Abayomi Samuel Oyekale, PA Mahesh, Rosana E Pacella, Smita Pakhale, Adrian Pana, Basant Kumar Panda, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Eun-Kee Park, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Tejas Patel, Scott B Patten, George C Patton, Deepak Paudel, David M Pereira, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, Fernando Perez-Ruiz, Norberto Perico, Aslam Pervaiz, Konrad Pesudovs, Carrie Beth Peterson, William Arthur Petri, Max Petzold, Michael Robert Phillips, Frédéric B Piel, David M Pigott, Farhad Pishgar, Dietrich Plass, Suzanne Polinder, Svetlana Popova, Maarten J Postma, Richie G Poulton, Farshad Pourmalek, Narayan Prasad, Manorama Purwar, Mostafa Qorbani, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Rynaz H S Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Anwar Rafay, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Mahfuzar Rahman, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Sasa Rajsic, Usha Ram, Saleem M Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Paturi Vishnupriya Rao, Salman Rawaf, Sarah E Ray, Maria Albertina Santiago Rego, Jürgen Rehm, Robert C Reiner, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Andre M N Renzaho, Serge Resnikoff, Satar Rezaei, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Antonio L Ribeiro, Jacqueline Castillo Rivas, Mohammad Bagher Rokni, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Gregory A Roth, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Ambuj Roy, Enrico Rubagotti, George Mugambage Ruhago, Soheil Saadat, Yogesh Damodar Sabde, Perminder S Sachdev, Nafis Sadat, Safdarian, Sare Safi, Saeid Safiri, Rajesh Sagar, Ramesh Sahathevan, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, Joseph Salama, Payman Salamati, Joshua A Salomon, Sundeep Santosh Salvi, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Ramon Sanabria, Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño, Itamar S Santos, Milena M Santric Milicevic, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez, Benn Sartorius, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Sonia Saxena, Mete I Saylan, Maria Inês Schmidt, Ione J C Schneider, Sam Schulhofer-Wohl, Aletta E Schutte, David C Schwebel, Falk Schwendicke, Soraya Seedat, Abdulbasit Musa Seid, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson E Servan-Mori, Katya Anne Shackelford, Amira Shaheen, Saeid Shahraz, Masood Ali Shaikh, Mansour Shamsipour, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Jayendra Sharma, Rajesh Sharma, Jun She, Jiabin Shen, Balakrishna P Shetty, Peilin Shi, Kenji Shibuya, Girma Temam Shifa, Mika Shigematsu, Rahman Shiri, Ivy Shiue, Mark G Shrime, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Donald H Silberberg, Naris Silpakit, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, João Pedro Silva, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Shireen Sindi, Jasvinder A Singh, Prashant Kumar Singh, Abhishek Singh, Virendra Singh, Dhirendra Narain Sinha, Katarzyna A Kissimova- Skarbek, Eirini Skiadaresi, Amber Sligar, David L Smith, Badr H A Sobaih, Eugene Sobngwi, Samir Soneji, Joan B Soriano, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Vinay Srinivasan, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Nicholas Steel, Dan J Stein, Caitlyn Steiner, Heidi Stöckl, Mark Andrew Stokes, Mark Strong, Muawiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Rizwan Abdulkader Suliankatchi, Bruno F Sunguya, Patrick J Sur, Soumya Swaminathan, Bryan L Sykes, Cassandra E I Szoeke, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Fentaw Tadese, Nikhil Tandon, David Tanne, Musharaf Tarajia, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Nuno Taveira, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Tesfalidet Tekelab, Dejen Yemane Tekle, Mohamad-Hani 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Woldeyes, Charles D A Wolfe, Abdulhalik Workicho, Shimelash Bitew Workie, Denis Xavier, Gelin Xu, Mohsen Yaghoubi, Bereket Yakob, Ayalnesh Zemene Yalew, Lijing L Yan, Yuichiro Yano, Mehdi Yaseri, Pengpeng Ye, Hassen Hamid Yimam, Paul Yip, Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw, Naohiro Yonemoto, Seok-Jun Yoon, Marcel Yotebieng, Mustafa Z Younis, Zoubida Zaidi, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Hajo Zeeb, Zerihun Menlkalew Zenebe, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Anthony Lin Zhang, Xueying Zhang, Sanjay Zodpey, Liesl Joanna Zuhlke, Alan D Lopez, Christopher J L Murray