Title |
Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature Communications, February 2016
|
DOI | 10.1038/ncomms10165 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Joshua B. Benoit, Zach N. Adelman, Klaus Reinhardt, Amanda Dolan, Monica Poelchau, Emily C. Jennings, Elise M. Szuter, Richard W. Hagan, Hemant Gujar, Jayendra Nath Shukla, Fang Zhu, M. Mohan, David R. Nelson, Andrew J. Rosendale, Christian Derst, Valentina Resnik, Sebastian Wernig, Pamela Menegazzi, Christian Wegener, Nicolai Peschel, Jacob M. Hendershot, Wolfgang Blenau, Reinhard Predel, Paul R. Johnston, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Robert M. Waterhouse, Ralf Nauen, Corinna Schorn, Mark-Christoph Ott, Frank Maiwald, J. Spencer Johnston, Ameya D. Gondhalekar, Michael E. Scharf, Brittany F. Peterson, Kapil R. Raje, Benjamin A. Hottel, David Armisén, Antonin Jean Johan Crumière, Peter Nagui Refki, Maria Emilia Santos, Essia Sghaier, Sèverine Viala, Abderrahman Khila, Seung-Joon Ahn, Christopher Childers, Chien-Yueh Lee, Han Lin, Daniel S. T. Hughes, Elizabeth J. Duncan, Shwetha C. Murali, Jiaxin Qu, Shannon Dugan, Sandra L. Lee, Hsu Chao, Huyen Dinh, Yi Han, Harshavardhan Doddapaneni, Kim C. Worley, Donna M. Muzny, David Wheeler, Kristen A. Panfilio, Iris M. Vargas Jentzsch, Edward L. Vargo, Warren Booth, Markus Friedrich, Matthew T. Weirauch, Michelle A. E. Anderson, Jeffery W. Jones, Omprakash Mittapalli, Chaoyang Zhao, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Jay D. Evans, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Hugh M. Robertson, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Jose M. C. Ribeiro, Richard A. Gibbs, John H. Werren, Subba R. Palli, Coby Schal, Stephen Richards |
Abstract |
The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. Analyses of the C. lectularius sequenced genome (650 Mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory repertoire of genes related to obligate hematophagy, host-symbiont interactions, and several mechanisms of insecticide resistance. In addition, we document the presence of multiple putative lateral gene transfer events. Genome sequencing and annotation establish a solid foundation for future research on mechanisms of insecticide resistance, human-bed bug and symbiont-bed bug associations, and unique features of bed bug biology that contribute to the unprecedented success of C. lectularius as a human ectoparasite. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 17 | 33% |
United Kingdom | 5 | 10% |
Switzerland | 4 | 8% |
Taiwan | 1 | 2% |
Ireland | 1 | 2% |
Austria | 1 | 2% |
Germany | 1 | 2% |
Portugal | 1 | 2% |
France | 1 | 2% |
Other | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 19 | 37% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 24 | 46% |
Members of the public | 21 | 40% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 5 | 10% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 4% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 5 | 2% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 223 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 57 | 25% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 46 | 20% |
Student > Master | 34 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 21 | 9% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 11 | 5% |
Other | 34 | 15% |
Unknown | 29 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 104 | 45% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 32 | 14% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 6% |
Environmental Science | 10 | 4% |
Social Sciences | 4 | 2% |
Other | 26 | 11% |
Unknown | 43 | 19% |