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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
On the Origin of Muscle Synergies: Invariant Balance in the Co-activation of Agonist and Antagonist Muscle Pairs
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, November 2015
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00192 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Hiroaki Hirai, Fumio Miyazaki, Hiroaki Naritomi, Keitaro Koba, Takanori Oku, Kanna Uno, Mitsunori Uemura, Tomoki Nishi, Masayuki Kageyama, Hermano Igo Krebs |
| Abstract |
Investigation of neural representation of movement planning has attracted the attention of neuroscientists, as it may reveal the sensorimotor transformation essential to motor control. The analysis of muscle synergies based on the activity of agonist-antagonist (AA) muscle pairs may provide insight into such transformations, especially for a reference frame in the muscle space. In this study, we examined the AA concept using the following explanatory variables: the AA ratio, which is related to the equilibrium-joint angle, and the AA sum, which is associated with joint stiffness. We formulated muscle synergies as a function of AA sums, positing that muscle synergies are composite units of mechanical impedance. The AA concept can be regarded as another form of the equilibrium-point (EP) hypothesis, and it can be extended to the concept of EP-based synergies. We introduce, here, a novel tool for analyzing the neurological and motor functions underlying human movements and review some initial insights from our results about the relationships between muscle synergies, endpoint stiffness, and virtual trajectories (time series of EP). Our results suggest that (1) muscle synergies reflect an invariant balance in the co-activation of AA muscle pairs; (2) each synergy represents the basis for the radial, tangential, and null movements of the virtual trajectory in the polar coordinates centered on the specific joint at the base of the body; and (3) the alteration of muscle synergies (for example, due to spasticity or rigidity following neurological injury) results in significant distortion of endpoint stiffness and concomitant virtual trajectories. These results indicate that muscle synergies (i.e., the balance of muscle mechanical impedance) are essential for motor control. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Switzerland | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 74 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Portugal | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 73 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 16 | 22% |
| Researcher | 11 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 14% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 6 | 8% |
| Other | 9 | 12% |
| Unknown | 14 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Engineering | 29 | 39% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 7 | 9% |
| Neuroscience | 5 | 7% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 7% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 7% |
| Other | 8 | 11% |
| Unknown | 15 | 20% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 November 2015.
All research outputs
#18,430,915
of 22,833,393 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
#3,398
of 6,565 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#278,914
of 386,693 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
#37
of 57 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,833,393 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 11th percentile – i.e., 11% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 6,565 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.4. This one is in the 30th percentile – i.e., 30% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 386,693 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 16th percentile – i.e., 16% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 57 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.