Title |
Analysis of Antimicrobial-Triggered Membrane Depolarization Using Voltage Sensitive Dyes
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, April 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fcell.2016.00029 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
J. Derk te Winkel, Declan A. Gray, Kenneth H. Seistrup, Leendert W. Hamoen, Henrik Strahl |
Abstract |
The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is a major inhibitory target for antimicrobial compounds. Commonly, although not exclusively, these compounds unfold their antimicrobial activity by disrupting the essential barrier function of the cell membrane. As a consequence, membrane permeability assays are central for mode of action studies analysing membrane-targeting antimicrobial compounds. The most frequently used in vivo methods detect changes in membrane permeability by following internalization of normally membrane impermeable and relatively large fluorescent dyes. Unfortunately, these assays are not sensitive to changes in membrane ion permeability which are sufficient to inhibit and kill bacteria by membrane depolarization. In this manuscript, we provide experimental advice how membrane potential, and its changes triggered by membrane-targeting antimicrobials can be accurately assessed in vivo. Optimized protocols are provided for both qualitative and quantitative kinetic measurements of membrane potential. At last, single cell analyses using voltage-sensitive dyes in combination with fluorescence microscopy are introduced and discussed. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Netherlands | 1 | 50% |
Switzerland | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 297 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 82 | 28% |
Researcher | 46 | 15% |
Student > Master | 30 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 24 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 18 | 6% |
Other | 30 | 10% |
Unknown | 67 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 80 | 27% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 49 | 16% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 24 | 8% |
Chemistry | 24 | 8% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 11 | 4% |
Other | 31 | 10% |
Unknown | 78 | 26% |