Title |
Mitochondria Know No Boundaries: Mechanisms and Functions of Intercellular Mitochondrial Transfer
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, September 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fcell.2016.00107 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Daniel Torralba, Francesc Baixauli, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid |
Abstract |
Mitochondria regulate multiple cell processes, including calcium signaling, apoptosis and cell metabolism. Mitochondria contain their own circular genome encoding selected subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Recent findings reveal that, in addition to being maternally inherited, mitochondria can traverse cell boundaries and thus be horizontally transferred between cells. Although, the physiological relevance of this phenomenon is still under debate, mitochondria uptake rescues mitochondrial respiration defects in recipient cells and regulates signaling, proliferation or chemotherapy resistance in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we outline the pathophysiological consequences of horizontal mitochondrial transfer and offer a perspective on the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating their intercellular transmission, including tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, cellular fusion, and GAP junctions. The physiological relevance of mitochondrial transfer and the potential therapeutic application of this exchange for treating mitochondrial-related diseases are discussed. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 15 | 23% |
United States | 9 | 14% |
Canada | 4 | 6% |
Ireland | 2 | 3% |
Norway | 2 | 3% |
Argentina | 1 | 2% |
Latvia | 1 | 2% |
Sweden | 1 | 2% |
Switzerland | 1 | 2% |
Other | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 28 | 43% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 46 | 71% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 11 | 17% |
Scientists | 6 | 9% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 448 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 92 | 20% |
Researcher | 60 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 57 | 13% |
Student > Master | 47 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 27 | 6% |
Other | 57 | 13% |
Unknown | 109 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 130 | 29% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 61 | 14% |
Neuroscience | 33 | 7% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 32 | 7% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 15 | 3% |
Other | 47 | 10% |
Unknown | 131 | 29% |