Title |
Changing geographic ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogens: drivers, mechanisms and consequences for pathogen diversity
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, January 2013
|
DOI | 10.3389/fcimb.2013.00046 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Nick H. Ogden, Samir Mechai, Gabriele Margos |
Abstract |
The geographic ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogens are changing due to global and local environmental (including climatic) changes. In this review we explore current knowledge of the drivers for changes in the ranges of ticks and tick-borne pathogen species and strains via effects on their basic reproduction number (R 0), and the mechanisms of dispersal that allow ticks and tick-borne pathogens to invade suitable environments. Using the expanding geographic distribution of the vectors and agent of Lyme disease as an example we then investigate what could be expected of the diversity of tick-borne pathogens during the process of range expansion, and compare this with what is currently being observed. Lastly we explore how historic population and range expansions and contractions could be reflected in the phylogeography of ticks and tick-borne pathogens seen in recent years, and conclude that combined study of currently changing tick and tick-borne pathogen ranges and diversity, with phylogeographic analysis, may help us better predict future patterns of invasion and diversity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Switzerland | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 2 | <1% |
Colombia | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 214 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 48 | 22% |
Student > Master | 35 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 19 | 9% |
Professor | 11 | 5% |
Other | 38 | 17% |
Unknown | 37 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 72 | 33% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 22 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 18 | 8% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 17 | 8% |
Environmental Science | 16 | 7% |
Other | 29 | 13% |
Unknown | 47 | 21% |