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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
West Nile virus emergence in humans in Extremadura, Spain 2020
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, July 2023
|
| DOI | 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1155867 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Alicia Macias, Paloma Martín, Mayte Pérez-Olmeda, Beatriz Fernández-Martínez, Diana Gómez-Barroso, Esperanza Fernández, Julian Mauro Ramos, Laura Herrero, Saray Rodríguez, Elena Delgado, Maria Paz Sánchez-Seco, Miguel Galán, Antonio Jesús Corbacho, Manuel Jimenez, Cristian Montero-Peña, Antonio Valle, Ana Vázquez |
| Abstract |
In Spain, the largest human West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak among humans was reported in 2020, constituting the second most important outbreak in Europe that season. Extremadura (southwestern Spain) was one of the affected areas, reporting six human cases. The first autochthonous human case in Spain was reported in Extremadura in 2004, and no other human cases were reported until 2020. In this work, we describe the first WNV human outbreak registered in Extremadura, focusing on the most important clinical aspects, diagnostic results, and control actions which followed. In 2020, from September to October, human WNV infections were diagnosed using a combination of molecular and serological methods (an in-house specific qRT-PCR and a commercial ELISA for anti-WNV IgM and IgG antibodies) and by analysing serum, urine, and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples. Serological positive serum samples were further tested using commercial kits against related flaviviruses Usutu and Tick-borne encephalitis in order to analyse serological reactivity and to confirm the results by neutralisation assays. In total, six cases of WNV infection (five with neuroinvasive disease and one with fever) were identified. Clinical presentation and laboratory findings are described. No viral RNA was detected in any of the analysed samples, but serological cross-reactivity was detected against the other tested flaviviruses. Molecular and serological methods for WNV detection in various samples as well as differential diagnosis are recommended. The largest number of human cases of WNV infection ever registered in Extremadura, Spain, occurred in 2020 in areas where circulation of WNV and other flaviviruses has been previously reported in humans and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance surveillance not only for the early detection and implementation of response measures for WNV but also for other emerging flaviviruses that could be endemic in this area. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 15 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 15 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 2 | 13% |
| Unspecified | 1 | 7% |
| Librarian | 1 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 7% |
| Other | 1 | 7% |
| Other | 2 | 13% |
| Unknown | 7 | 47% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 20% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 2 | 13% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 7% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 7% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1 | 7% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 7 | 47% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 July 2023.
All research outputs
#16,775,211
of 25,443,857 outputs
Outputs from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#4,130
of 8,110 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#198,560
of 368,248 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
#132
of 347 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,443,857 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 32nd percentile – i.e., 32% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 8,110 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.8. This one is in the 44th percentile – i.e., 44% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 368,248 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 42nd percentile – i.e., 42% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 347 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 57% of its contemporaries.