Title |
The PI3K/Akt Pathway in Tumors of Endocrine Tissues
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in endocrinology, January 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fendo.2015.00188 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Helen Louise Robbins, Angela Hague |
Abstract |
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway is a key driver in carcinogenesis. Defects in this pathway in human cancer syndromes such as Cowden's disease and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia result in tumors of endocrine tissues, highlighting its importance in these cancer types. This review explores the growing evidence from multiple animal and in vitro models and from analysis of human tumors for the involvement of this pathway in the following: thyroid carcinoma subtypes, parathyroid carcinoma, pituitary tumors, adrenocortical carcinoma, phaeochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. While data are not always consistent, immunohistochemistry performed on human tumor tissue has been used alongside other techniques to demonstrate Akt overactivation. We review active Akt as a potential prognostic marker and the PI3K pathway as a therapeutic target in endocrine neoplasia. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Switzerland | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Russia | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 94 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 17 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 16 | 17% |
Researcher | 13 | 14% |
Student > Master | 11 | 12% |
Student > Postgraduate | 7 | 7% |
Other | 14 | 15% |
Unknown | 17 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 26 | 27% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 20 | 21% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 12 | 13% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 6% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 2% |
Other | 6 | 6% |
Unknown | 23 | 24% |