Title |
Circadian Clocks, Stress, and Immunity
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in endocrinology, May 2016
|
DOI | 10.3389/fendo.2016.00037 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Rebecca Dumbell, Olga Matveeva, Henrik Oster |
Abstract |
In mammals, molecular circadian clocks are present in most cells of the body, and this circadian network plays an important role in synchronizing physiological processes and behaviors to the appropriate time of day. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal endocrine axis regulates the response to acute and chronic stress, acting through its final effectors - glucocorticoids - released from the adrenal cortex. Glucocorticoid secretion, characterized by its circadian rhythm, has an important role in synchronizing peripheral clocks and rhythms downstream of the master circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Finally, glucocorticoids are powerfully anti-inflammatory, and recent work has implicated the circadian clock in various aspects and cells of the immune system, suggesting a tight interplay of stress and circadian systems in the regulation of immunity. This mini-review summarizes our current understanding of the role of the circadian clock network in both the HPA axis and the immune system, and discusses their interactions. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 3 | 38% |
United States | 1 | 13% |
Germany | 1 | 13% |
Unknown | 3 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 5 | 63% |
Scientists | 2 | 25% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 228 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 53 | 23% |
Researcher | 34 | 15% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 23 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 10% |
Student > Master | 21 | 9% |
Other | 36 | 16% |
Unknown | 42 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 50 | 22% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 35 | 15% |
Neuroscience | 19 | 8% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 18 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 17 | 7% |
Other | 36 | 16% |
Unknown | 56 | 24% |