Title |
Losing the stem-loop structure from metazoan mitochondrial tRNAs and co-evolution of interacting factors
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in Genetics, May 2014
|
DOI | 10.3389/fgene.2014.00109 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yoh-ichi Watanabe, Takuma Suematsu, Takashi Ohtsuki |
Abstract |
Conventional tRNAs have highly conserved sequences, four-armed cloverleaf secondary structures, and L-shaped tertiary structures. However, metazoan mitochondrial tRNAs contain several exceptional structures. Almost all tRNAs(Ser) for AGY/N codons lack the D-arm. Furthermore, in some nematodes, no four-armed cloverleaf-type tRNAs are present: two tRNAs(Ser) without the D-arm and 20 tRNAs without the T-arm are found. Previously, we showed that in nematode mitochondria, an extra elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) has evolved to support interaction with tRNAs lacking the T-arm, which interact with C-terminal domain 3 in conventional EF-Tu. Recent mitochondrial genome analyses have suggested that in metazoan lineages other than nematodes, tRNAs without the T-arm are present. Furthermore, even more simplified tRNAs are predicted in some lineages. In this review, we discuss mitochondrial tRNAs with divergent structures, as well as protein factors, including EF-Tu, that support the function of truncated metazoan mitochondrial tRNAs. |
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