Title |
Akt and mTOR in B Cell Activation and Differentiation
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, January 2012
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00228 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jose J. Limon, David A. Fruman |
Abstract |
Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is required for B cell proliferation and survival. PI3K signaling also controls key aspects of B cell differentiation. Upon engagement of the B cell receptor (BCR), PI3K activation promotes Ca(2+) mobilization and activation of NFκB-dependent transcription, events which are essential for B cell proliferation. PI3K also initiates a distinct signaling pathway involving the Akt and mTOR serine/threonine kinases. It has been generally assumed that activation of Akt and mTOR downstream of PI3K is essential for B cell function. However, Akt and mTOR have complex roles in B cell fate decisions and suppression of this pathway can enhance certain B cell responses while repressing others. In this review we will discuss genetic and pharmacological studies of Akt and mTOR function in normal B cells, and in malignancies of B cell origin. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 25% |
Switzerland | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 2 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | <1% |
Hungary | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 282 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 75 | 26% |
Researcher | 59 | 20% |
Student > Master | 33 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 31 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 4% |
Other | 36 | 12% |
Unknown | 44 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 90 | 31% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 50 | 17% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 44 | 15% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 35 | 12% |
Chemistry | 3 | 1% |
Other | 17 | 6% |
Unknown | 51 | 18% |