Title |
Cell-Mediated Immunity in Elite Controllers Naturally Controlling HIV Viral Load
|
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Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, January 2013
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00086 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Luca Genovese, Manuela Nebuloni, Massimo Alfano |
Abstract |
The natural course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by high viral load, depletion of immune cells, and immunodeficiency, ultimately leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome phase and the occurrence of opportunistic infections and diseases. Since the discovery of HIV in the early 1980s a naturally selected population of infected individuals has been emerged in the last years, characterized by being infected for many years, with viremia constantly below detectable level and poor depletion of immune cells. These individuals are classified as "elite controllers (EC) or suppressors" and do not develop disease in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy. Unveiling host factors and immune responses responsible for the elite status will likely provide clues for the design of therapeutic vaccines and functional cures. Scope of this review was to examine and discuss differences of the cell-mediated immune responses between HIV+ individuals with disease progression and EC. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 1 | 1% |
South Africa | 1 | 1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
Argentina | 1 | 1% |
United States | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 73 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 22% |
Researcher | 15 | 19% |
Student > Master | 9 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 9% |
Other | 10 | 13% |
Unknown | 11 | 14% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 25 | 32% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 20 | 26% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 8 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 1% |
Other | 3 | 4% |
Unknown | 13 | 17% |