Title |
Glucose Metabolism Regulates T Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Functions
|
---|---|
Published in |
Frontiers in immunology, January 2015
|
DOI | 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00001 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Clovis S. Palmer, Matias Ostrowski, Brad Balderson, Nicole Christian, Suzanne M. Crowe |
Abstract |
The adaptive immune system is equipped to eliminate both tumors and pathogenic microorganisms. It requires a series of complex and coordinated signals to drive the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of appropriate T cell subsets. It is now established that changes in cellular activation are coupled to profound changes in cellular metabolism. In addition, emerging evidence now suggest that specific metabolic alterations associated with distinct T cell subsets may be ancillary to their differentiation and influential in their immune functions. The "Warburg effect" originally used to describe a phenomenon in which most cancer cells relied on aerobic glycolysis for their growth is a key process that sustain T cell activation and differentiation. Here, we review how different aspects of metabolism in T cells influence their functions, focusing on the emerging role of key regulators of glucose metabolism such as HIF-1α. A thorough understanding of the role of metabolism in T cell function could provide insights into mechanisms involved in inflammatory-mediated conditions, with the potential for developing novel therapeutic approaches to treat these diseases. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 20 | 21% |
United Kingdom | 9 | 9% |
Australia | 6 | 6% |
Saudi Arabia | 4 | 4% |
Germany | 4 | 4% |
Singapore | 4 | 4% |
Sweden | 3 | 3% |
Canada | 2 | 2% |
France | 2 | 2% |
Other | 10 | 10% |
Unknown | 33 | 34% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 59 | 61% |
Scientists | 33 | 34% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 4% |
Unknown | 1 | 1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 3 | <1% |
United States | 3 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 466 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 115 | 24% |
Researcher | 78 | 16% |
Student > Master | 56 | 12% |
Student > Bachelor | 42 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 26 | 5% |
Other | 63 | 13% |
Unknown | 95 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Immunology and Microbiology | 102 | 21% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 89 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 83 | 17% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 62 | 13% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 1% |
Other | 27 | 6% |
Unknown | 106 | 22% |